Gender-Based Comparison of Smartphone Usage on Neck Muscle Endurance, Hand Grip Strength and Pinch Strength among College-Going Students

This study aims to compare smartphone usage and its effect on neck muscle endurance hand grip strength and pinch strength among male and female college going students. Excessive smartphone use has increased in young adults and may lead to reduced muscle endurance altered posture and decreased hand function. Prolonged neck flexion posture during smartphone use can influence cervical muscle performance and repetitive hand activities may affect grip and pinch strength.This observational cross sectional study will include college students aged 18 to 25 years who are regular smartphone users. Smartphone usage duration will be recorded using a structured questionnaire  Neck muscle endurance will be assessed using standard endurance testing procedures  Hand grip strength will be measured using a handheld dynamometer and pinch strength will be measured using a pinch gauge. Measurements will be taken in a standardized position to ensure accuracy The study will compare the outcomes between male and female students to identify any gender based differences. The findings may help in understanding the musculoskeletal impact of smartphone usage in young adults and may assist in developing preventive strategies and awareness programs to reduce future risk of neck and upper limb problems.