Efficacy of a Nurse Telephone Follow-up on Post-tonsillectomy Pain Management and Complications in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Tonsillectomy in children is a common elective day surgery. In the United States, 530 000 children under 15 years of age underwent a tonsillectomy in 2006. This minor surgery generates moderate to severe pain and many postoperative complications, both in the early postoperative phase and for at least 7 days. Patients are discharged home a few hours after tonsillectomy, and parents take over their child's care. But not all parents have the ability and knowledge required to adequately manage the pain and complications. This sub-optimal care situation has a significant impact on the child's convalescence and can lead to poor pain management, dehydration, poor rest and sleep quality, nausea, vomiting as well as an increase in the risk of secondary haemorrhage. Many interventions have been evaluated to improve pain management, such as education strategies for parents or children and tools to guide parents. However, none of these strategies have obtained significant results on children's pain intensity post-tonsillectomy.

A nurse telephone follow-up can significantly reduce pain intensity of adults who undergo ambulatory surgery. This intervention is defined as multiple telephone calls made to the patient by a nurse, after discharge, to provide information, and review discharge prescriptions and management of care by the patient himself or by a care-giver. Only a few studies have explored nurse telephone follow-up for children who underwent tonsillectomy. The design of these studies, including the time-periods chosen for data collection, were not properly determined to adequately evaluate the impact of the intervention on management of pain and prevention of postoperative complications. Thus, we planned to determine if a nurse telephone follow-up, made to parents following their child's tonsillectomy, would contribute to decrease pain intensity, incidence of postoperative complications and resort to other healthcare services.