Train Your Brain 2.0: Improving Memory and Decision Making to Improve Outcomes Among Youth - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Recruiting
- Sponsor
- Wayne State University
- Enrollment
- 72
- Locations
- 2
- Primary Endpoint
- Change in Monetary Choice Questionnaire
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to deliver a computer-based working memory training program to improve delay discounting (DD) and prevent substance misuse among at-risk adolescents in a traditionally underserved area. Results from the study will inform future substance use prevention efforts targeted at youth exposed to adverse childhood experiences. Findings will also refine future models of intervention delivery in traditionally underserved communities.
The main aims of the project are are:
1) To examine to examine changes in hypothesized mechanisms of substance use initiation and escalation, and 2) to assess whether changes in DD are a mechanism for reducing substance misuse during early adolescence. The investigators will evaluate whether changes in DD following active treatment predict substance use outcomes over the three-month follow-up period.
Detailed Description
Youth exposed to early childhood adversity are at increased risk for engaging in problematic substance use, leading to myriad negative health outcomes, including HIV exposure, injury, and impaired driving. Adolescents from low-resource communities evidence elevated rates of exposure to adverse childhood experiences, yet have limited access to evidence-based preventative interventions. Thus, there is a critical need for services that can feasibly target specific mechanisms linking early adversity to the onset and escalation of substance use in traditionally underserved communities.
One such target is delay discounting (DD), the tendency to select small, immediately available rewards relative to larger, delayed, rewards. DD has been linked to early substance use initiation and more frequent and severe use across adolescence. Moreover, youth exposed to early childhood adversity evidence more problematic levels of DD, indicating that DD may be a pathway by which early trauma exposure leads to drug and alcohol use.
Research from the investigative team suggests that computer-based interventions targeting proximal cognitive skills, specifically working memory, can improve rates of DD. Moreover, computerized interventions are highly transportable and scalable, making them ideal for dissemination in low-resource communities. The current project proposes to pilot a computer-based working memory (WM) training program to improve DD and prevent substance use among at-risk adolescents in a traditionally underserved area.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 11 Years to — (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Adolescent Inclusion Criteria:
- •Between the ages of 11 and 15 and have a parent/guardian willing to provide consent for their participation
- •Proficient in English
- •Willing to commit to participate in computer-based trainings over the course of 5-8 weeks (duration dependent on site)
- •Access to internet services, cell phone, and/or email
- •Willing to receive/send study-related text messages
Exclusion Criteria
- •Self-disclosure or identification with psychological disturbance, suicidality, or evidence of active suicide ideation
- •Self-disclosure of current substance use disorder
- •Parent Inclusion Criteria:
- •Provide consent for child's participation in study
- •Proficient in English
- •Access to internet services, cell phone, and/or email
- •Willing to receive/send study-related text messages
- •Parent Exclusion Criteria:
- •Self-disclosure or identification with psychosis, suicidality, or evidence of active suicide ideation
- •Self-disclosure of current substance use disorder
Arms & Interventions
Working Memory Training
The intervention is a computer-based training aimed at improving working memory in order to decrease delay discounting. Active training sessions include: Sequenced Recall of Digits - Auditory, Sequenced Reverse Recall of Digits - Auditory, Sequenced Recall of Digits - Visual, Sequenced Reverse Recall of Digits - Visual, Sequenced Recall of Words - Auditory, Sequenced Recall of Words - Visual, Sequenced Reverse Recall of Words - Auditory, Sequenced Reverse Recall of Words - Visual. Participants will complete at least 10 sessions with each session taking approximately 30 minutes to complete.
Intervention: Working Memory Training (Behavioral)
Working Memory
The comparison control condition is a multi-session control computer training condition that is designed to not engage working memory during computer-based engagement sessions: Sequenced Recall of Digits - Auditory, Sequenced Reverse Recall of Digits - Auditory, Sequenced Recall of Digits - Visual, Sequenced Reverse Recall of Digits - Visual, Sequenced Recall of Words - Auditory, Sequenced Recall of Words - Visual, Sequenced Reverse Recall of Words - Auditory, Sequenced Reverse Recall of Words - Visual. Participants will complete at least 10 sessions with each session taking approximately 30 minutes to complete.
Intervention: Working Memory (Behavioral)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Change in Monetary Choice Questionnaire
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months
The Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) is a measure of delay discounting (DD). Participants will be presented with two choices, one with a small, immediate monetary reward and the other with a larger, delayed monetary reward. They will be required to choose one of those rewards and their responses will be scored using reference discounting curves. A calculated score that places participants on steeper curves indicates higher levels of impulsivity and higher rates of DD. Scores are not bounded with a minimum and maximum value, but higher scores indicate worse outcomes and demonstrate the participant's preference to gain smaller rewards immediately over larger rewards with a time delay.
Secondary Outcomes
- Change in Consideration of Future Consequences Scale(Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months)
- Change in Digit Span(Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months)
- Changes in Letter Number Sequencing Test(Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months)
- Change in Stop Signal Task(Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months)
- Change in Balloon Analogue Risk Test - Youth(Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months)
- Change in Alcohol Effect Expectancies (Breif)(Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months)
- Change in Marijuana Effect Expectancies(Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months)
- Change in Youth Risk Behavior Survey(Baseline, 2 Weeks, 3 Months)
Investigators
Julia Felton
Principal Investigator
Wayne State University