Clinical Outcomes in Cataract Patients with Macular Epiretinal Membrane After Implantation of Functional Intraocular Lenses

This study is a prospective, multicenter, comparative study. Cataract patients scheduled for surgery will be evaluated by OCT, and those diagnosed with grade-1 macular epiretinal membrane will be implanted in different IOLs according to the patients' decision: monofocal IOL or functional IOL. The follow-up duration sets to be 2-years. Outcome measures: The primary outcome measure is visual acuity measured according to UDVA and CDVA at 5 m; UIVA at 66 cm; and UNVA at 40 cm. Visual examination will be performed twice under sufficient lighting, and the international standard visual acuity table will be used. The secondary outcome measures are as follows: (1) OCT examination and Amsler grid test. (2) HOA such as coma, spherical, trefoil, and secondary astigmatism will be measured using internal and total values at a 3-mm pupil size with the HOYA iTrace ray-tracing system (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX, USA); (3) Modulation transfer function (MTF) curve and Strehl ratio (SR) will be also measured using internal and total values at a 3-mm pupil size with the HOYA iTrace ray-tracing system; (4) Defocus curves for each IOL will be obtained by plotting the mean visual acuity with 13 values of defocus from +2.0 D to -4.0 D on the ETDRS chart in logMAR units. The defocus curve simulates the patient's visual acuity at different distances by placing positive and negative lenses in 0.5 D increments in front of the patient's eyes. The measurements will be performed by adding lenses to CDVA; (5) Contrast sensitivity (CS) will be assessed with best distance correction using the Optec6500 (Stereo Optical Co., Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Assessments will be made at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd), with or without glare, under photopic or mesopic conditions (background luminance of 85 cd/m2 or 3 cd/m2). CS value refers to the value of the last patch that can be recognized, and all patients will see at least one patch. All CS data will be transformed to logarithmic units and log CS values for analysis; (6) Reading ability will be measured by the Chinese Reading Visual Acuity Chart (CRVAC) at near and intermediate distances. With the CRVAC, reading acuity (in logMAR) and reading speed (in words per minute) can be measured at a predetermined or preferred distance successively. The minimum distinguishable font size and corresponding visual acuity of the patients with UNVA and UIVA above 0.1 LogMAR will be respectively measured at 66 cm and 40 cm under photopic conditions. The patients will be required to read a text with a font size of 5 point (LogMAR 0.5) at 40cm and of 8 point (LogMAR 0.7) at 66cm. The reading time will be timed and converted to words per minute; and (7) the functional vision and incidence of photic phenomena will be surveyed using VF-14 questionnaire and Qov questionnaire which are attached in the supplementary materials. Study population >90 subjects/ 90 eyes (45 eyes per group, total 2 groups) Primary/Secondary endpoints (or perhaps exploratory endpoint) The primary endpoint of this study is to demonstrate the noninferiority of functional IOL group to monodical IOL group in mean CDVA and UDVA (5m) postoperatively. If the primary endpoint is met, the first secondary endpoint is to demonstrate superiority of ICB00 group to DCB00 group in mean UIVA (66cm) and UNVA (40cm). The prespecified Snellen equivalent targets of ICB00 group are determined and included the following: 20/25 or better photopic UIVA (measured at 66 cm); 20/40 (0.5 decimal) or better photopic UNVA at 40 cm. Additional secondary endpoints are to compare the defocus curve behaviour, objective visual quality, reading ability and subject satisfaction between the two groups. Study Timeline Visit Schedule

1.Baseline visit 2.2. 1-day visit 3.3. 1-week visit 4.4. 1-month visit 5.5. 3-month visit 6.6. 6-month visit 7.7. 1-year visit 8.8. 2-year visit