Effects of Core Stabilization Training on Trunk Muscle Endurance, Respiratory Function and Quality of Life in Child and Adolescent Underwater Rugby Athletes

Trunk Extension Test

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

The time it takes to remain in a face down position on a stretcher, with ankles and knees fixed on the stretcher, the body outside the edge of the stretcher and 25 cm above the ground, with hands crossed in front, holding the shoulders without changing position, will be recorded in seconds.

Trunk Flexion Test

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

The time spent in sit-up position on the floor mat, with the trunk upright at a 60-degree angle, knees and hips in a 90-degree flexion position, feet supported by the assistant and fixed on the ground, hands crossed on the chest, without changing position will be recorded in seconds.

Lateral Plank Test

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

The time spent in the lateral plank position, with one foot supported on the other, straight along the body length, hips up, one elbow supporting the ground, the other holding the crossed shoulder in front, without changing position will be recorded in seconds.

Straight Plank Test

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

The time it takes to remain in the push-up position, with the fingertips on the ground, the elbows bent and touching the ground, and the hips up without changing position will be recorded in seconds.

Muscle Strength

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

According to the muscle test method found by Dr. Lovett, the muscle strength test is performed by scoring 0-5. Abdominal muscles, oblique trunk flexors and back extensors will be tested for muscle strength. Two separate tests will be performed for the lower and upper parts of the abdominal muscles.

Evaluation of the Stabilizing Function of the Transversus Abdominis Muscle

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

Abdominal muscle activity was measured using the pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) during abdominal inhalation maneuver in the prone position and during posterior pelvic tilt movement in the supine position. Transversus abdominis muscle activity is assessed using the PBU with abdominal inhalation maneuver in the prone position. The cuff of the BBU is placed between the midpoint of the line connecting both spina iliaca anterior superiors of the participant and the umbilical cord. The participant is asked to breathe comfortably abdominally. The valve of the manometer is closed and the cuff is inflated to a pressure of 70 mmHg. All participants are given the standard command of "pull your abdomen in without moving your spine and hips and wait 10 seconds". The amount of pressure decrease in the manometer is recorded. The measurement will be repeated 3 times with 2-minute rest periods to prevent possible muscle fatigue and the average will be taken.

Respiratory Muscle Strength

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

Respiratory muscle strength will be measured using a portable electronic mouth pressure measuring device (micro RPM brand) according to ATS/ERS criteria. Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) will be measured at residual volume and during deep inspiration. Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) will be measured at total lung capacity and during deep expiration. Tests will be performed in the sitting position using a nose clip. Inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength values will be expressed as a percentage of the expected value.

Respiratory Function Test

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

Respiratory function test will be performed using a portable spirometer (Cosmed Pony FX). The test will be performed in a sitting position, with the patient first asked to take a deep breath and then exhale quickly through the spirometer. A nose clip will be used during exhalation. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC will be recorded. Respiratory function test parameters will be expressed as a percentage of expected values according to age, height, body weight and sex.

Saturation

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

Capillary blood oxygen saturation will be determined by pulse oximetry.

Blood Pressure

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

ssessment of blood pressure is important to detect hypertension or hypovolemic shock. A blood pressure value in the 50th percentile for a child's age, gender, and height is considered the midpoint of the normal range. A reading above the 95th percentile indicates hypertension.

KIDSCREEN Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire

时间窗: At the beginning and at the end of 6 weeks of exercise.

KIDSCREEN52, which has been validated and reliable in Turkish, is a general purpose quality of life scale developed for children and adolescents aged 8-18, consisting of 52 questions in total. The KIDSCREEN-27 short form is a scale consisting of 27 questions and 5 dimensions, taken from KIDSCREEN-52. KIDSCREEN-27 consists of the dimensions of physical well-being (5 items), psychological well-being (7 items), autonomy and relationships with parents (7 items), social support and peers (4 items) and school environment (4 items).