Exploring the impact of pilates training combined with kinesio tape on spinal curvatures and respiratory parameters in geriatric population with degenerative postural hyperkyphosis: A non blinded randomized controlled trial

Kyphosis is the natural curvature of the thoracic spine, characterized by a slight forward curvature due to the shape of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. According to the Cobb angle approach, the usual range for younger adults is normally between 20 and 40 degrees of curvature. However, this angle may start to rise above 40 degrees as people get older than their fourth decade, leading to excessive curvature termed as "age-related hyperkyphosis." It could emerge in adolescence. According to estimates, the incidence of this deformity was 15% in children aged 11 to 50, 38% in adults aged 20 to 50, and 20% to 40% in persons aged 60 and above. Women are primarily affected, especially during the menopause.

Women’s kyphosis angles grow more quickly after the age of 40, from an average of 43° (ages 55–60) to 52° (ages 76–80). Poor postural habits and slouching can be the cause of this deformity. Additional causes of age-related hyperkyphosis include vertebral body wedging, chronically bad posture, decreased spinal extension mobility, intervertebral disk dehydration, and weakened back extensor muscles. Physical deformity, low stature, limited spinal mobility, back pain, and probably diminished respiratory capacity are all consequences of hyperkyphosis that ultimately cause people to have a negative body image. Pilates, a low-impact training regimen that emphasizes postural alignment, core strength, and flexibility, has demonstrated potential in enhancing respiratory and spinal biomechanics.

Furthermore, by aiding postural correction, improving respiratory mechanics, and offering proprioceptive feedback, Kinesio taping—which is frequently used in therapeutic settings—may be a useful adjunct to Pilates. It has been widely utilized to improve tissue alignment, activate muscular function, and stimulate the somatosensory system in order to relieve pain.

For geriatric population as a whole to improve excessive thoracic curvature (>40°), or hyperkyphosis, which is a common spinal condition that worsens with age, especially in postmenopausal women , Pilates is a low-impact exercise technique that can be used to increase flexibility and respiratory efficiency while also improving postural alignment, spinal biomechanics, and core strength. Additionally, by aiding postural adjustment, reducing discomfort, and offering proprioceptive feedback, Kinesio taping can be used in conjunction with Pilates. When combined, these therapies can lessen the negative effects of hyperkyphosis, strengthen body mechanics, and improve the general well-being of those who are impacted.

Null Hypothesis

H01 – Pilates Training combined with kinesio tape will not produce any significant difference on Spinal Curvatures (Kyphotic angle, Lordotic angle and Posture) and Respiratory Parameters (Poor respiratory function, Rate of perceived exertion) and Functional mobility, Static balance, Quality of life in Geriatric Population with degenerative Postural Hyperkyphosis.

Alternate Hypothesis

H1 - Pilates training combined with kinesio tape will produce any significant difference on Spinal Curvatures (Kyphotic angle, Lordotic angle and Posture) and Respiratory Parameters

(Poor respiratory function, Rate of perceived exertion) and Functional mobility, Static balance, Quality of life in Geriatric Population with degenerative Postural Hyperkyphosis.