A Pilot Study of Safety, Tolerability, and Immunological Effects of SurVaxM in Pediatric Patients With Progressive or Relapsed Medulloblastoma, High Grade Glioma, Ependymoma and Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Phase 1
- Status
- Active, not recruiting
- Sponsor
- Children's Oncology Group
- Enrollment
- 35
- Locations
- 26
- Primary Endpoint
- Percentage of Subjects with Regimen-Limiting Toxicity (RLT)
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Patients will receive a vaccine called SurVaxM on this study. While vaccines are usually thought of as ways to prevent diseases, vaccines can also be used to treat cancer. SurVaxM is designed to tell the body's immune system to look for tumor cells that express a protein called survivin and destroy them. The survivin protein can be found on up to 95% of glioblastomas and other types of cancer but is not found in normal cells. If the body's immune system knows to destroy cells that express survivin, it may help to control tumor growth and recurrence.
SurVaxM will be mixed with Montanide ISA 51 before it is given. Montanide ISA 51 is an ingredient that helps create a stronger immune response in people, which helps the vaccine work better.
This study has two phases: Priming and Maintenance. During the Priming Phase, patients will get one dose of SurVaxM combined with Montanide ISA 51 through a subcutaneous injection (a shot under the skin) at the start of the study and every 2 weeks for 6 weeks (for a total of 4 doses). At the same time that patients get the SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 injection, they will also get a second subcutaneous injection of a medicine called sargramostim. Sargramostim is given close to the SurVaxM//Montanide ISA 51 injection and works to stimulate the immune system to help the SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 work more effectively.
If a patient completes the Priming Phase without severe side effects and his or her disease stays the same or improves, he or she can continue to the Maintenance Phase. During the Maintenance Phase, the patient will get a SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 dose along with a sargramostim dose about every 8 weeks for up to two years.
After a patient finishes the study treatment, the doctor and study team will continue to follow his/her condition and watch for side effects up to 3 years following the last dose of SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51. Patients will be seen in clinic every 3 months during the follow-up period.
Detailed Description
This is a multicenter pilot study of SurVaxM (SVN53-67/M57-KLH) for children and young adults with progressive or relapsed medulloblastoma, high grade glioma, ependymoma and newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.
Survivin (BIRC5) is an inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein that is highly expressed in many cancers. Survivin's high level of expression in certain pediatric malignancies makes it an attractive molecular target for new therapies, including active specific vaccination-based immunotherapy.
The design of the SurVaxM vaccine employs several strategies to create an effective antitumor immunogen, including: 1) incorporation of multiple MHC class I epitopes, 2) peptide modification to enhance binding to certain MHC class I molecules, 3) cytokine helper support, and 4) antibody-mediated tumor cell killing. All of these effects would not be expected with the unmodified class-I restricted short survivin peptides employed in previously studied glioma vaccines.
There are no prior clinical trials of SurVaxM in pediatric patients; however, SurVaxM has been studied in several adult trials, including a phase I study conducted at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. Following the single-institution phase I trial, a multicenter phase IIa trial (NCT024455557) was conducted in 63 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. All patients in this study underwent surgical resection of their tumors. Patients then underwent chemoradiation with temozolomide according to the Stupp protocol. This was followed by a one-month hiatus from chemotherapy, during which priming doses of SurVaxM were initiated. The priming phase of vaccination was then followed by initiation of standard adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide and maintenance doses of SurVaxM as an add-on to standard chemotherapy. There have been no regimen-limiting toxicities (RLT) or grade ≥ 3 SAE attributable to SurVaxM, with most toxicities being related to temozolomide. The most common AE was grade 1-2 injection site reaction with 2 patients experiencing Montanide-related granulomatous panniculitis with local skin ulceration at vaccine injection sites, both of which resolved. Humoral and survivin-specific CD8+ T cell responses were observed in almost all patients. Twelve-month overall survival (OS12) was 86% from first immunization and 93.4% from diagnosis. OS12 for meMGMT was 93.1% and unMGMT was 78% from first immunization. Median time to tumor progression (mPFS) was 13.9 months from diagnosis. Although not a randomized trial, these results are superior to overall survival reported in various studies in which patients received standard of care treatment for this disease. A randomized phase IIb clinical trial of standard therapy plus SurVaxM is currently being developed with intent for drug registration, if successful.
The primary objective of this trial is to assess the toxicity profile of SurVaxM in emulsion with Montanide plus sargramostim in children with relapsed or progressive medulloblastoma and high-grade glioma, ependymoma and non-recurrent diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma post-radiation therapy. Patients will be enrolled into three separate strata based on age and diagnosis. Enrollment will be staged to allow for safety evaluations between strata.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Non Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 1 Year to 21 Years (Child, Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Screening Inclusion Criteria:
- •• DIAGNOSIS: Patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of a primary CNS tumor that is progressive or recurrent defined as radiographic progression in any known residual tumor, or the appearance of one or more new lesions, leptomeningeal disease, or new cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positivity for malignant cells, after most recent treatment modality. At the time of diagnosis or recurrence, all tumors must have histologic verification of one of the following:
- •Medulloblastoma
- •Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
- •Anaplastic astrocytoma
- •High-grade astrocytoma, NOS
- •Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
- •Anaplastic ependymoma (WHO Grade III)
- •Ependymoma (WHO Grade II)
- •Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas (DIPG) Patients:
- •Patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), defined as tumors with a pontine epicenter and diffuse involvement of 2/3 or more of the pons, are eligible without histologic confirmation and will proceed directly to enrollment without screening.
- •TUMOR TISSUE- Patients must provide tumor tissue (3 unstained slides or paraffin block) to determine their survivin expression status.
- •Demonstration of survivin expression of at least 1% on tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry is required and must be performed in the central laboratory at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC) to confirm eligibility.
- •Age: Patients must be ≥ 1 year of age and ≤ 21 years of age at the time of screening.
- •Screening Consent: Participant is willing to sign a screening consent. The screening consent is to be obtained according to institutional guidelines. Assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines.
- •Potential Eligibility for Study Enrollment: Patients screened for this trial should be expected to meet the criteria for treatment.
- •Enrollment Inclusion Criteria:
- •DIAGNOSIS: Patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of a primary CNS tumor that is progressive or recurrent defined as progression in any known residual tumor, or the appearance of one or more new lesions, or new cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) positivity for malignant cells, after having failed standard therapy. At the time of diagnosis or recurrence, all tumors must have histologic verification of one of the following:
- •Medulloblastoma
- •Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
- •Anaplastic astrocytoma
- •High-grade astrocytoma, NOS
- •Anaplastic oligodendroglioma
- •Anaplastic ependymoma (WHO Grade III)
- •Ependymoma (WHO Grade II)
- •Patients with newly diagnosed DIPG: Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) will be eligible 14 to 56 days post-completion of radiation therapy if they do not have any evidence of progression.
- •Patients with a typical DIPG on MR imaging, defined as a tumor with a pontine epicenter and diffuse involvement of more than 2/3 of the pons, are eligible without histologic confirmation.
- •o Note: Patients with typical DIPG who undergo a biopsy are eligible provided the tumor is a diffuse glioma WHO Grade II-IV with OR without H3 K27M mutation.
- •Patients with pontine lesions that do not meet these MR imaging criteria will be eligible if there is histologic confirmation of diffuse glioma WHO Grade II-IV with H3 K27M mutation.
- •DEMONSTRATION OF SURVIVIN EXPRESSION: For patients with relapsed or progressive medulloblastoma, HGG, or ependymoma, demonstration of survivin expression as assessed after screening consent/assent of at least 1% on tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry (ICH) is required and must have been performed in the central laboratory at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (RPCCC) to confirm eligibility. For patients with DIPG, diagnostic biopsy for histologic confirmation is not required, and tumor expression of survivin is therefore not required for eligibility for these patients.
- •DISEASE STATUS: Patients must have evaluable disease within the central nervous system to be eligible. Evaluable disease includes either measurable OR non-measurable disease, defined as follows:
- •Measurable disease: bi-dimensionally measurable disease; at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least two dimensions (per protocol guidelines).
- •Non-measurable disease:
- •A lesion that does not meet the criteria for measurable disease as defined above; or
- •diffuse leptomeningeal disease, or
- •no tumor visible on imaging but presence of malignant cells on cytologic examination of CSF.
- •Stratum 1 (progressive or recurrent) patients must be ≥10 years of age and ≤ 21 years of age at the time of study screening.
- •Stratum 2 (progressive or recurrent) patients must be ≥1 year of age and < 10 years of age at the time of study screening.
- •Stratum 3 (newly diagnosed DIPG) patients must be ≥1 year of age and ≤ 21 years of age at the time of study enrollment
- •PRIOR THERAPY
- •Patients with recurrent or progressive disease must have received prior chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.
- •Patients must have recovered from the acute treatment related toxicities (defined as ≤ Grade 1 if not defined in eligibility criteria; excludes alopecia) prior to entering this study.
- •Patients with newly diagnosed DIPG must have completed radiation therapy
- •CHEMOTHERAPY - Patients must have received their last dose of known myelosuppressive anticancer therapy at least 21 days prior to enrollment or at least 42 days if nitrosourea. Patients must have received their last dose of non-myelosuppressive chemotherapy at least 7 days prior to enrollment.
- •INVESTIGATIONAL/ BIOLOGIC AGENT:
- •Biologic or investigational agent (anti-neoplastic): Patient must have recovered from any acute toxicity potentially related to the agent and received their last dose of the investigational or biologic agent ≥ 7 days prior to study enrollment.
- •For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur.
- •Monoclonal antibody treatment and agents with known prolonged half-lives: Patient must have recovered from any acute toxicity potentially related to the agent and received their last dose of the agent ≥ 28 days prior to study enrollment.
- •RADIATION:
- •Recurrent or Progressive CNS tumor patients must have had their last fraction of:
- +36 more not shown
Exclusion Criteria
- •• BREAST FEEDING WOMEN - Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with SurVaxM breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with SurVaxM. Female patients who are breastfeeding are not eligible for this study unless they agree not to breastfeed.
- •Excluded Diagnoses:
- •Patients with spinal cord primary tumors
- •Patients with relapsed or progressive DIPG
- •Patients with metastatic disseminated DIPG are not eligible. MRI of spine must be performed if disseminated disease is suspected by the treating physician.
- •Patients with midline high grade gliomas including those with H3 K27M-altered diffuse midline glioma (DMG) centered outside of the pons
- •Patients with Grade II myxopapillary ependymoma
- •Patients with WHO Grade I or II gliomas are not eligible unless tumor is defined as DIPG as per above.
- •Patients with bone-only metastatic lesions that do not have otherwise evaluable CNS disease.
- •Bulky Disease
- •Patients with bulky tumor on imaging are ineligible. Bulky tumor is defined as any of the following:
- •Tumor with evidence of clinically significant tonsillar herniation
- •Tumor with evidence of clinically significant uncal herniation causing midbrain compression or midline shift greater than 5 mm
- •Tumor with a diameter >4cm in one dimension on T2/FLAIR
- •Tumor that in the opinion of the site investigator, shows significantly rapid progression of mass effect in either the brain or spinal cord such that the priming phase of vaccination (i.e., 6 weeks) cannot be completed before clinical deterioration is likely to occur.
- •Treating physicians should contact the Study Chair to request a rapid central imaging review to confirm fulfilment of these eligibility criteria, if they have concerns. If clinically appropriate, surgical debulking of large tumors should be considered before study entry.
- •Concurrent Illness:
- •Active, uncontrolled infection requiring treatment (including HIV infection)
- •Patients with active autoimmune disease or documented history of autoimmune disease/syndrome that requires ongoing systemic steroids or systemic immunosuppressive agents, with the exception of:
- •Patients with vitiligo or resolved asthma/atopy
- •Patients with hypothyroidism stable on hormone replacement or Sjogren's syndrome
- •History of or ongoing pneumonitis or significant interstitial lung disease
- •Patients with any clinically significant unrelated systemic illness (significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or other organ dysfunction), that in the opinion of the investigator would compromise the patient's ability to tolerate protocol therapy, put them at additional risk for toxicity or would interfere with the study procedures or results.
- •Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment has the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen for this trial.
- •Any medical condition that, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator, would compromise the patient's ability to participate in the study.
- •CONCOMITANT MEDICATIONS:
- •Patients who are receiving any other anti-cancer or investigational drug therapy are ineligible.
- •Patients who are receiving any cannabidiol (CBD) or medical marijuana treatment are ineligible.
- •Patients who have received the last vaccination of a live vaccine ≤ 30 days prior to enrollment are ineligible. Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, yellow fever, rabies, BCG, and typhoid (oral) vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., Flu-Mist®) are live attenuated vaccines and must meet timeline for live vaccine.
- •Patients who have received an inactivated virus, peptide, or mRNA vaccine within 14 days of the start of protocol therapy are ineligible.
- •Patients may not be on immunosuppressive therapy, including corticosteroids (except as defined in the corticosteroids inclusion criteria) at time of enrollment. However, patients who require intermittent use of bronchodilators, local steroid injections, or topical steroids will not be excluded from the study.
- •Patients may not be receiving concomitant chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, radiosurgery, interferon, allergy desensitization injections, growth factors, interleukins, or any investigational therapeutic medication at the time of enrollment.
- •INABILITY TO PARTICIPATE: Patients who in the opinion of the investigator are unwilling or unable to return for required follow-up visits or obtain follow-up studies required to assess toxicity of therapy or to adhere to drug administration plan, other study procedures, and study restrictions.
- •ALLERGY: Known allergy or hypersensitivity to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH), granulocyte colony-macrophage stimulating factor (sargramostim) or MRI contrast agent.
- •BLEEDING DISORDER: Patients with a known coagulopathy or bleeding diathesis or requires the use of systemic, anticoagulant medication are not eligible.
Arms & Interventions
SurVaxM for patients with relapsed or progressive MB, HGG or ependymoma ages ≥10 and ≤21 years
500 mcg (1 mL) SurVaxM emulsion with Montanide ISA 51. Sargramostim dose is 3.33 mcg/kg/dose for patients < 30 kg, and 100 mcg for patients ≥ 30 kg.
Priming Phase: patients will get one dose of SurVaxM combined with Montanide ISA 51 through a subcutaneous injection at the start of the study and every 2 weeks for 6 weeks (for a total of 4 doses). At each SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 injection, patients will also get an injection of sargramostim.
Maintenance Phase: the patient will get a SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 dose along with a sargramostim dose about every 8 weeks for up to two years.
After finishing study treatment, patients will be followed for up to 3 years following the last dose of SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51. Patients will be followed in clinic every 3 months during the follow-up.
Intervention: SurVaxM for patients with relapsed or progressive MB, HGG or ependymoma ages ≥10 and ≤21 years (Biological)
SurVaxM for patients with relapsed or progressive MB, HGG or ependymoma ages ≥1 and <10 years
500 mcg (1 mL) SurVaxM emulsion with Montanide ISA 51. Sargramostim dose is 3.33 mcg/kg/dose for patients < 30 kg, and 100 mcg for patients ≥ 30 kg.
Priming Phase: patients will get one dose of SurVaxM combined with Montanide ISA 51 through a subcutaneous injection at the start of the study and every 2 weeks for 6 weeks (for a total of 4 doses). At each SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 injection, patients will also get an injection of sargramostim.
Maintenance Phase: the patient will get a SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 dose along with a sargramostim dose about every 8 weeks for up to two years.
After finishing study treatment, patients will be followed for up to 3 years following the last dose of SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51. Patients will be followed in clinic every 3 months during the follow-up.
Intervention: SurVaxM for patients with relapsed or progressive MB, HGG or ependymoma ages ≥1 and <10 years (Biological)
SurVaxM for patients with non-relapsed DIPG post radiation-therapy ages ≥1 and ≤21 years
500 mcg (1 mL) SurVaxM emulsion with Montanide ISA 51. Sargramostim dose is 3.33 mcg/kg/dose for patients < 30 kg, and 100 mcg for patients ≥ 30 kg.
Priming Phase: patients will get one dose of SurVaxM combined with Montanide ISA 51 through a subcutaneous injection at the start of the study and every 2 weeks for 6 weeks (for a total of 4 doses). At each SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 injection, patients will also get an injection of sargramostim.
Maintenance Phase: the patient will get a SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51 dose along with a sargramostim dose about every 8 weeks for up to two years.
After finishing study treatment, patients will be followed for up to 3 years following the last dose of SurVaxM/Montanide ISA 51. Patients will be followed in clinic every 3 months during the follow-up.
Intervention: SurVaxM for patients with non-relapsed DIPG post radiation-therapy ages ≥1 and ≤21 years (Biological)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Percentage of Subjects with Regimen-Limiting Toxicity (RLT)
Time Frame: The first 8 weeks of protocol therapy (6 weeks for 4 priming doses +14 days follow-up from the 4th priming dose)
The RLT rate during the first 8 weeks (14 days after the 4th priming dose of vaccine) will be used as the primary endpoint for safety monitoring and for determining when enrollment can begin in the next sub-cohort.
Percentage of Subjects with Pseudoprogression Related Regimen-Limiting Toxicity
Time Frame: The first 14 weeks of protocol therapy (6 weeks for 4 priming doses + 8 weeks follow-up from the 4th priming dose)
A separate RLT assessment window for risk of pseudoprogression will encompass the 6 weeks for administration of 4 priming doses + 8 weeks of follow-up after administration of the 4th priming dose. Pseudoprogression RLTs during this interval will be included in the primary safety monitoring rules and analysis.
Secondary Outcomes
- Differences in MR permeability and MR perfusion parameters for patients with true progression vs. pseudoprogression(Up to 3 years from treatment initiation.)