Prevalence of Lower and Upper Incisor Periodontal Phenotypes and Risk Indicators.

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: Gingiva; Phenotype

• Registration Number: NCT06981871
• Lead Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice

Brief Summary

The determination of the periodontal phenotype is an essential part of the periodontal diagnostic process, which must guide not only treatment but also prognosis (Kim et al. 2020).

This determination is based on the clinical assessment of 3 individual variables: gingival height/thickness and alveolar bone cortical thickness. Although these anatomical characteristics are genetically determined, they are also influenced by numerous acquired, endogenous or exogenous factors that can act at a general and/or local level. The periodontal phenotype is therefore specific to an individual and its 3 components vary over time according to the dental sectors and sites of each individual. For example, the morphology of this phenotype varies according to whether the gingiva is thick or thin, high or reduced, and the bone cortex is thick or thin, with all possible combinations. Clinicians need to know the distribution of these different types of phenotypes, particularly in the aesthetic areas they are concerned with, in order to better identify the most fragile ones in the face of the multiple daily stresses to which the periodontium may be subjected: muscular force, dental plaque, oral hygiene manoeuvres, parafunctionality, dental procedures....

However, studies on the prevalence of the periodontal phenotype are limited and mainly concern Asian, Indian and American populations, with very few studies on European populations. Main objective: To assess the prevalence of periodontal phenotypes in the upper and lower incisors of French subjects, according to tooth type and at the individual level. Secondary objective: Identification of potential risk indicators in relation to the type of periodontal phenotype."

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2025-05
• Study First Submitted: 2025-05-13
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-05-19
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-05-19
• Study First Posted: 2025-05-21
• Last Update Posted: 2025-05-21
• Study Start: 2025-07-01
• Primary Completion: 2026-07-01
• Study Completion: 2026-07-01

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 245

Inclusion Criteria

• Age (18 years old or older),
• Dental student on the university hospitals of Nice and Nancy.
• Social security affiliate.
• Systemically healthy.
• Healthy and intact periodontium.
• Informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

• Pregnancy.
• Under any regular medical treatment.
• Active periodontal disease.
• Enduring orthodontic treatment.
• Periodontal surgery in the mandibulary anterior region.
• Non consent patient.
• Patient under judgment trials.

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Prevalence of gingival phenotypes (keratinised tissue height)	At the inclusion	Evaluation of keratinised tissue height of the lower and upper incisors with UNC-15 peridontal probe (mm) and clinical photography.
Prevalence of gingival phenotypes (Photography)	At the inclusion	Description of the gingiva
Prevalence of gingival phenotypes (gingival thickness )	At the inclusion	Assessment of gingival thickness

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Associated risk indicators for thin gingival phenotype ( Clinical description)	At the inclusion	Global description clinical multiples evaluations ( Age, gender, smoking habit, orthodontic background, oral hygiene habit, oral ventilation, dysfunction, facial typology, chin shape, visibility of vascularisation and root convexity through the gum, gingival récession (Cairo), freinal insertion and skin type).
Associated risk indicators for thin gingival phenotype ( orthodontic and facial characteristics )	At the inclusion	Global description clinical evaluation based on photographs.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

CHU NICE; 🇫🇷 Nice, Alpes Maritimes, France