Predicting Language and Literacy Growth in Children With ASD Using Statistical Learning
- Conditions
- Autism Spectrum DisorderLanguage DevelopmentLiteracy
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Structural vs. Random sequences of stimuliBehavioral: Intact vs. Degraded speechBehavioral: Repeating 5-syllable nonwords or 2-syllable nonwordsBehavioral: Recall letter or syllable strings that either contain highly frequent bigram/trigram items or infrequent items according to English Corpus data.
- Registration Number
- NCT06332144
- Lead Sponsor
- Northeastern University
- Brief Summary
The goal of this observational study is to test a reciprocal relationship between statistical learning and the development of language and literacy in first-graders with autism and their non-autistic peers. The main questions it aims to answer are:
1. whether children's statistical learning abilities can predict their long-term improvement of language and literacy skills in school;
2. how children's brains automatically learn patterns from speech and prints;
3. whether children's learning in the lab reflects the language patterns they have learned over the years from their native language.
First-grade students will participate in the study twice across three months.
During Time 1, children will complete
* a battery of language, reading, and cognitive assessments
* a series of computer-based statistical learning games both inside and outside of functional MRI scanner.
During Time 2, children will complete a battery of language and reading assessments to detect the growth in three months.
Researchers will compare the autistic and the non-autistic groups to see if statistical learning plays a similar or different role in predicting children's language and literacy growth.
- Detailed Description
In this one-year R56 project, the investigators will design a mini-longitudinal project to test how children's linguistic statistical learning predicts their growth in spoken and written language in three months. The investigators predict that weaker linguistic statistical learning underlies the exacerbation of language and literacy delay in children with ASD. In this project, the investigators will gamify an existing study protocol, which has led to promising discoveries motivating the original R01 proposal. With an enriched platform, the investigators expect a low attrition rate (\<10%) and few missing data (\>90% task completion rate) in this longitudinal sample of six-year-olds both with and without ASD, matched on age and sex ratio. This project will lead to critical feasibility and preliminary data to support the key hypotheses of all three aims. Due to a shortened timeline, the investigators plan to recruit 25 children per group, sampled from a diverse population, to ensure the team's capacity for a three-month follow-up session before the end of a school year.
Aim 1: Establish the longitudinal relationships between SL and language/literacy development in both TD and ASD. In this aim, the investigators will evaluate the role of SL in both concurrent and the growth of language/literacy skills assessed in three months during the school year. The investigators expect that linguistic SL (embedded pattern learning of syllables and letters) is associated with concurrent language and literacy skills and will prove to be crucial predictors of growth in language and literacy skills in both groups. Given the small sample size in this one-year project, the investigators will build prediction models both across the two groups and within each group. Sex, concurrent language and reading skills, and nonverbal IQ will be included as key covariables.
Aim 2: Determine the longitudinal relationships between neural bases of SL and developing language networks in the brains of children with ASD. In this aim, the investigators will test whether altered brain functions during linguistic SL are related to poorly functioning language networks (language comprehension and phonological working memory), defined within each individual child. The investigators will also examine whether neural bases of linguistic SL predict future language and literacy development in children with ASD. Participants from Aim 1 will complete linguistic SL tasks and two well-validated language tasks in the fMRI scanner at Time 1. The investigators expect to find reduced engagement of language networks during SL in children with ASD and to provide a neurobiological explanation for the cascading effect impaired linguistic SL casts on future language development.
Aim 3: Test whether linguistic SL is a proxy for children's sensitivity to real-world language statistics. The investigators ask whether the specific weakness in linguistic SL in ASD generalizes to real-world language statistics using serial recall tasks, a well-validated instrument for individuals' sensitivity to native-language statistical patterns. The same participants in the previous aims will complete a phonological and an orthographic serial recall task containing both high- and low-frequency English bigrams/trigrams at Time 1 and Time 2. The investigators predict that these tasks will be associated with children's linguistic SL performance in Aim 1 and children's linguistic SL at earlier times will predict the future growth of sensitivity to natural language statistics. These findings will establish the critical link between linguistic SL and children's natural language skills.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 50
- current first grader (6;0 - 7;6)
- Geographically located within the Greater Boston Metropolitan Area
- Native English speakers
- Normal hearing
- Normal or corrected vision
Inclusion criteria for children with ASD (N = 25):
- Children with a professional diagnosis of autism according to expert clinical judgment
- Capable of speaking sentences with three or more words
- Social Communication Parent Questionnaire score > 15
- Autism diagnosis confirmed by ADOS
Inclusion criteria for typically developing controls (N = 25):
- Neurotypical: with no known cognitive, neurological, or psychiatric disorders
- Social Communication Parent Questionnaire score < 11
- Receive a score within 1 SD of the population mean for age on all assessments.
- non-native speakers of English
- More than 30 hours of exposure to a language other than English per week
- history of brain injuries and head injuries
- intellectual disability, mutism, motor delay, or developmental coordination disorder
- metal in body
- claustrophobic
- history of prior neurosurgical procedure
- substance abuse
- signs of increased intracranial pressure
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- SINGLE_GROUP
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Enrolled participants Recall letter or syllable strings that either contain highly frequent bigram/trigram items or infrequent items according to English Corpus data. Structural vs. Random sequences of stimuli; Intact vs. Degraded speech; Repeating 5-syllable nonwords or 2-syllable nonwords; Recall letter or syllable strings that either contain highly frequent bigram/trigram items or infrequent items according to English Corpus data Enrolled participants Structural vs. Random sequences of stimuli Structural vs. Random sequences of stimuli; Intact vs. Degraded speech; Repeating 5-syllable nonwords or 2-syllable nonwords; Recall letter or syllable strings that either contain highly frequent bigram/trigram items or infrequent items according to English Corpus data Enrolled participants Repeating 5-syllable nonwords or 2-syllable nonwords Structural vs. Random sequences of stimuli; Intact vs. Degraded speech; Repeating 5-syllable nonwords or 2-syllable nonwords; Recall letter or syllable strings that either contain highly frequent bigram/trigram items or infrequent items according to English Corpus data Enrolled participants Intact vs. Degraded speech Structural vs. Random sequences of stimuli; Intact vs. Degraded speech; Repeating 5-syllable nonwords or 2-syllable nonwords; Recall letter or syllable strings that either contain highly frequent bigram/trigram items or infrequent items according to English Corpus data
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Language Composite Score At each of the two measuring time points during the school year of the first grade with three months apart over a 40-minute teleassessment session The concurrent language skills will be computed by averaging each child's standardized scores across the TILLS language subsets and NIH Toolbox Picture Vocab. The composite score will range between 50 and 150. The higher score, the better language skills.
Language/Literacy Disorder Status At the first visit during the school year of the first grade over a 40-minute teleassessment session The binary status is determined by children's TILLS Identification core scores
Neural similarity between language and statistical learning tasks At the first visit during the school year of the first grade over a two-hour MRI session The multivoxel similarity between language processing (or phonological working memory) tasks and the statistical learning task in subject-specific language (or phonological working memory) brain regions.
Reading Composite Score At each of the two measuring time points during the school year of the first grade with three months apart over a 40-minute teleassessment session The concurrent reading skills will be computed by averaging across WRMT-III subtests, NIH Toolbox oral reading recognition. The composite score will range between 50 and 150. The higher score, the better reading skills.
Phonological statistical sensitivity At each of the two measuring time points during the school year of the first grade with three months apart The difference in recall accuracy of bigrams/trigrams between the high- vs. low-frequency items in the phonological serial recall task.
Orthographic statistical sensitivity At each of the two measuring time points during the school year of the first grade with three months apart The difference in recall accuracy of bigrams/trigrams between the high- vs. low-frequency items in the orthographic serial recall task.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Neural sensitivity to statistical regularities during the statistical learning tasks At the first visit during the school year of the first grade over a two-hour MRI session The magnitude of BOLD responses to structured vs. random conditions in the syllable and the letter statistical learning tasks.
Linguistic SL composite scores At each of the two measuring time points during the school year of the first grade with three months apart The linguistic SL score will be the average of the letter and the syllable composite scores after averaging across the normalized scores of RT slope, accuracy, and serial recall.
Trial Locations
- Locations (2)
Northeastern University
🇺🇸Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Boston University
🇺🇸Boston, Massachusetts, United States