Gabapentin on Postoperative Pain Associated With Ureteroscopy and Stents Insertion

Phase 4

Terminated

Conditions: Anesthesia
Urethral Obstruction

Interventions: Drug: Placebo
Drug: Gabapentin

Registration Number: NCT03151746

Lead Sponsor: Northwestern University

Brief Summary: The study's objective is to determine the efficacy of preoperative gabapentin in relieving postoperative pain, reducing opioid use and improving quality of recovery in subjects undergoing urologic surgery.

Investigators hypothesize that subjects receiving gabapentin will have lower pain scores, less opioid consumption and better quality of recovery as compared to subjects who are given a placebo.

Detailed Description: Approximately one hour prior to induction of anesthesia in preoperative holding area all enrolled subjects will receive PO Acetaminophen 650 mg, the Gabapentin group will receive PO Gabapentin 1200 mg, while the Control group will receive PO Placebo, with a small amount of water.

Upon arrival in the operating room, standard ASA monitors will be applied. Intraoperative, patients will receive a standardized anesthetic care. This care consists of induction with IV propofol 2mg/kg, IV fentanyl 2 mcg/kg (adjusted body weight), and IV rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg for tracheal intubation or IV succinylcholine 1mg/kg if rapid sequence induction is needed.

For maintenance of general anesthesia, investigators will use Sevoflurane, with the goal to maintain BP within 20% of preoperative baseline and BIS 40-60.

If HR \> 100/min and BIS 40-60 may use IV esmolol 0.5 mg/kg. If BP and/or HR \>20% preoperative baseline, and BIS 40- 60 despite above management, may titrate IV antihypertensive agents.

For PONV prophylaxis, 30 min before end of surgery investigatorswill administer IV ondansetron 8mg.

The time from end of surgery to extubation in OR will be documented with a free text note in the EMR.

After extubation all patients will be transported to PACU on 2-liter Oxygen by nasal cannula, which will be weaned off in the PACU.

The postoperative analgesics during Phase I of recovery in PACU will consist of IV Hydromorphone 0.2-0.4 mg prn pain to maintain adequate pain control (NPRS\<4). During Phase II of recovery patients will receive PO Hydromorphone 2mg tablets every 4-6 hours as needed for pain (NPRS ≥ 4) and acetaminophen: 650mg PO every 6 hours

The following data will be collected every hour during phase I and phase II recovery:

* pain (NPRS)

* sedation (Ramsey sedation scale)

* dizziness (1- mild, 2- moderate, 3- severe)

* headache YES/No If yes: NPRS score HA

* respiratory depression (hypoventilation/ apnea: RR \< 10 bpm., desaturation: (SpO2 \< 90%)

* Sedated but still in pain (Yes/No)

* PONV YES/NO

* PONV receiving antiemetic treatment

* time to first opioid administration (IV hydromorphone)

* total amount of IV hydromorphone in PACU Phase I

* total amount of oral analgesic (hydromorphone) in PACU Phase II

* time to meet discharge criteria from PACU Phase I

* time to meet discharge criteria from Phase II

Study research personnel will contact participants by phone or in the hospital at 24 hours and 48 hours postoperative and at approximately one week in the Urology clinic. The study research personnel will ask questions regarding pain (NPRS) and analgesic consumption. The IPSS and QOR-40 questionnaires will be administered and data will be recorded.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 20

Inclusion Criteria

Age 18 years to 75 years
Patients with obstructive kidney stones undergoing elective ureteroscopy or cystoscopy with Ureteral stent placement

Exclusion Criteria

Age less than 18 or more than 75 years
Acetaminophen allergy
Gabapentin allergy
Hydromorphone allergy
Chronic use of gabapentin
History of chronic pain (Pain for > than 3 months)
Chronic renal insufficiency (Creatinine > 1.3)
Seizure disorder
Psychiatric disorders (medically treated)
Chronic use of anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotics (use > 3 months)
Antacids ingested within 2 hours prior to surgery
History of gastric or duodenal ulcer
Pregnant or lactating
Inability to communicate in English

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Placebo	Placebo	Placebo pill administered 1 hour before planned surgical procedure
Gabapentin	Gabapentin	Gabapentin pill (1200mg) administered orally 1 hour prior to planned surgical procedure

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
48 Hours Morphine Equivalents Consumed.	Up to 48 hours after surgery	Total morphine equivalents in milligrams consumed during the first 48 hours after surgery.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
24 Hour Pain Burden	24 hours after surgery	Pain scores using an 11 point numeric pain rating scale 0=no pain 10 = worst pain imaginable
QOR 40 Questionnaire Scores	48 hours after surgical procedure	Evaluate quality of recovery using the Quality of Recovery 40 (QoR 40) questionnaire a 40 question survey scored from 40 ( poor recovery) to 200 high (good recovery) 48 hours after the surgical procedure.