The Acute Effect of Breakfasts Varying in Protein Source Content on Subjective Appetite Ratings and Voluntary Energy Intake in Healthy Subjects
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 28
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Changes from baseline in perceived appetite and satiety
研究概览
简要总结
Over the last decades, changes in the diet and lifestyle have led to overall energy imbalance becoming commonplace and the emergence of an obesity epidemic with more than 1.6 billion adults being overweight.
Consumption of foods that can affect appetite by increasing satiety could regulate the total energy intake and thus body weight. There is data suggesting that the macronutrient composition of the foods and especially protein content may have a potent role on satiety. However, the type of protein appears to play a role in satiety possibly due to the different balance of the amino acid profile.
The research project is dedicated to identify the source (animal or plant) and the optimized protein quantity needed to accelerate satiation, suppress appetite and extend satiety until hunger appears again.
It is hypothesized that the consumption of animal derived protein-enriched meals will induce a reduction in hunger through the impact on gut hormones and peptides that are closely related to the short-term regulation of food intake.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Crossover
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Single (Participant)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 50 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Healthy males
- •Age range 18-50 years
- •Normal weight and overweight people as classified by BMI:20-29.9 kg/m2 (inclusive).
- •Weight stable (within 3 kg) two months prior to study inclusion
- •Understanding English well and feeling comfortable speaking it
排除标准
- •Dietary protein consumption >25% energy from protein
- •Had surgery in the previous 12 months
- •Have suffered a myocardial infarction or stroke at any time
- •Suffer from any blood-clotting disorder or prescription of any medication affecting blood clotting
- •Suffer from any metabolic disorders (e.g. diabetes, metabolic syndrome or hypertension)
- •Any requirement to take long-term medication, especially those active on the gastro-intestinal tract or for cardio-vascular disease
- •Any dietary restrictions or recently/currently on a weight reducing diet
- •Irregular eating patterns or not regularly consuming breakfast
- •Food allergies (e.g. milk protein allergies) or intolerances (e.g. lactose)
- •Use of medication which affects food intake or behaviour (e.g. anti-depressants)
- •Use of medication likely to affect taste, smell or appetite
- •Eating restraint based on the three Factor Eating Questionnaire
- •Use of any protein supplements
- •A history of alcohol or drug misuse (the average daily number of units of alcohol considered as acceptable is 2-3 units women; 3-4 units men
- •Athletes in training (>10 h exercise/week)
- •Female that is breast-feeding, pregnant, or if of child-bearing potential and are not using effective contraceptive precautions
- •Involvement in a study involving an experimental drug/medication within 3 months prior to entry of this study
- •Blood pressure > 160/90 mmHg
- •Vegan or Vegetarian
- •Glucose > 6 mmol/L
- •Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (liver enzymes) > 1.9 μkat / L
- •Alanine aminotransferase > 1.1 μkat / L
- •Cholesterol > 6.5 mmol/L
- •Triglycerides > 2.0 mmol/L
研究组 & 干预措施
Animal source of proteins
Breakfast based on animal proteins: 1700 kJ, 25 E% Protein Acute effect of breakfasts varying in protein source content on appetite and energy intake
干预措施: Breakfasts varying in protein source content on appetite (Dietary Supplement)
Plant source of proteins
Breakfast based on plant proteins: 1700 kJ, 25 E% Protein Acute effect of breakfasts varying in protein source content on appetite and energy intake
干预措施: Breakfasts varying in protein source content on appetite (Dietary Supplement)
Animal and plant source of proteins
Breakfast based on both animal and plant proteins: 1700 kJ, 25 E% Protein Acute effect of breakfasts varying in protein source content on appetite and energy intake
干预措施: Breakfasts varying in protein source content on appetite (Dietary Supplement)
Low protein
Breakfast very low in protein: 1700 kJ, 5 E% Protein Acute effect of breakfasts varying in protein source content on appetite and energy intake
干预措施: Breakfasts varying in protein source content on appetite (Dietary Supplement)
结局指标
主要结局
Changes from baseline in perceived appetite and satiety
时间窗: Assessed every 30 min for 240 min and 60 min throughout the day after each of the four breakfasts which are served at least one week apart (4 weeks)
The appetite profile is assessed using validated Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) ratings (i.e hunger, fullness, desire to eat, prospective food consumption). The Questionnaires are performed electronically in personal laptops using the Adaptive Visual Analogue Scales (AVAS) software until 240min and in paper form throughout the remaining of the study day.
次要结局
- Voluntary energy intake(Energy intake is assessed 210 min after the 4 test breakfasts, which are served one week apart.])
- Hedonic Ratings and Palatability of the Test Breakfasts and Meals(Assessed immediately after consumption of the 4 test puddings and Swedish hash meal (4 weeks))
- Glucose measurements(Assessed at 7 points in time over the morning of each of the 4 test days, which are separated by 1 week (4 weeks))
- Appetite and Satiety Hormones(Assessed at 6 points in time over the morning of each of the 4 test days, which are separated by 1 week (4 weeks)])
研究者
Anestis Dougkas
Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Lund University