Outcome of Phacoemulsification with Kahook Dual Blade Goniotomy in patients with Glaucoma

This is a retrospective, observational study designed to evaluate the surgical outcome of combined phacoemulsification with Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy in patients diagnosed with glaucoma. The study will be conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal and will include 78 eyes of patients aged 40 years and above who underwent the combined procedure from 1st January, 2024 and who have completed a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

The primary objective is to assess the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) from baseline following surgery at 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. The study will also evaluate the reduction in the number of antiglaucoma medications after surgery. Secondary outcomes include improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), overall surgical success based on IOP control and medication reduction, and the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Data will be collected retrospectively from electronic medical records using a structured data collection proforma. Preoperative variables will include demographic details, type and severity of glaucoma, baseline IOP, BCVA, and number of antiglaucoma medications. Intraoperative details and postoperative outcomes at 1 and 6 months will be recorded. No additional intervention or patient contact will be undertaken as part of this study.

Statistical analysis will be performed using appropriate descriptive and inferential methods. Changes in continuous variables such as IOP and BCVA will be analyzed using paired statistical tests, and categorical variables will be assessed using suitable comparative tests. A p-value of <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

As this is a retrospective chart review, there is no direct patient involvement or alteration of standard clinical care. Institutional Ethics Committee approval has been obtained prior to data collection, and patient confidentiality will be strictly maintained through anonymization and secure data handling.