Oral Processing and Appetite in Older Adults

Completed

• Conditions: Older Adults; Food Intake; Oral Processing; Appetitive Behaviour

• Registration Number: NCT05671003
• Lead Sponsor: University of Reading

Brief Summary

The goal of this observational study is to learn about changes in oral processing and appetite in older adults aged 65+ years old. The main question it aims to answer is if oral processing affects gastric emptying in older adults (≥65 years old).

Detailed Description

* To investigate if food intake and satiety differ between faster and slower eaters, within older adults (≥65 years old).

* To assess if chewing rate, salivary flow rate, oral processing and gastric emptying differ between older adults (≥65 years old) with smaller versus bigger appetites.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2022-12-15
• Study First Submitted QC: 2023-01-02
• Study First Posted: 2023-01-04
• Study Start: 2023-01-15
• Primary Completion: 2023-09-15
• Study Completion: 2023-09-15
• Status Verified: 2024-07
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-07-02
• Last Update Posted: 2024-07-05

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 88

Inclusion Criteria

• 65 years old or over (no upper age limit);each group will contain an equal number of male and female participants;
• living sufficiently local to attend the two visits needed;
• able to understand and communicate in English language.

Exclusion Criteria

• Diagnosed dysphagia;
• (recent) oral surgery that significantly affects eating and/or swallowing;
• diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes;
• participant undergoing current treatment for cancer;
• participants with zero natural teeth;
• severe loss of appetite and not able to finish a meal (based on CNAQ) and/or people on special or therapeutic diets that restrict the consumption of a full meal and/or the meals provided;
• not able to provide informed consent as defined by the T-CogS test (participants with T-CogS < 22 will be excluded);
• participants having a pacemaker;
• not able to accept the two meal dishes provided and/or relevant food/ingredient included in the meals allergies or intolerances or aversions;
• not able to feed themselves.

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Objective appetite assessment: Ad-libitum meal consumption	During the procedure	Consumption of the ad-libitum meal is measured (g). Participants are instructed to eat until they feel comfortable full

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
BMI	During the procedure	BMI is assessed by using a body composition monitor (OMRON Viva)
Oral Health	During the procedure	Oral Health will be assessed by using an Oral Health Questionnaire
Salivary a-amylase	During the procedure	Salivary a-amylase activity will be assessed from the stimulated saliva collected, by using a-amylase kinetic kit
Subjective appetite assessment: VAS	During the procedure	Appetite are assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100)
Salivary flow rate	During the procedure	Stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate would be assessed with passive drooling method.
Glucose	During the procedure. Every 15 minutes for the first hour after the meal and every 30 minutes thereafter till the end of the total 3 hours	Glucose will be assessed from finger prick blood samples
Gastric Emptying	During the procedure	Gastric emptying is measured using of 100 microliters of 13C Octanoic Acid breath test
Chewing rate	During the procedure	Chewing rate would be assessed with recording the preload breakfast meal provided and analysing the video recording in software (ELAN 6.4) for number of chews, bites, swallows, time of food in the mouth.
Chewing ability	During the procedure	Chewing ability will be assessed by using a colour mixing ability chewing gum test (Heu-Check test, University of Bern)
Insulin	During the procedure. Every 15 minutes for the first hour after the meal and every 30 minutes thereafter till the end of the total 3 hours	Insulin will be assessed from finger prick blood samples

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Reading; 🇬🇧 Reading, United Kingdom