Accuracy of Trans Abdominal Ultrasound in Evaluating Bowel Preparation Adequacy Before Performing Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is the most effective method of visualizing the colon mucosa. Adequate bowel preparation, which leads to clear visualization of mucosal surface of the colon, is important for a successful colonoscopy. Studies have shown that inadequate bowel preparation increases the adenoma detection failure, decreases the accuracy, prolongs the procedure time, decreases surveillance intervals, increases costs and results in procedure related complications. Poor preparation affects as many as 25% of colonoscopies and leads to an increase cost of colonoscopies. Endoscopists have long struggled to find the most appropriate follow-up strategy when the quality of bowel preparation is suboptimal. There is evidence of surveillance overuse in low-risk patients as well as underuse in high-risk patients.

Using a non-invasive, low cost approach for evaluating the bowel preparation before initiating the colonoscopy can save the patient from additional costs and procedures. Sonography has been used as a method of evaluating bowel condition in some colorectal diseases, mostly in Crohn's disease. Advantages of using ultrasound are that it is widely available, none-invasive, does not require preparation and lacks radiation exposure.

Transabdominal bowel ultrasound has the potential to be used as a screening tool for evaluating bowel preparation adequacy before performing the colonoscopy. To the best of the investigators' knowledge this is the first study evaluating bowel preparation by means of sonography before performing colonoscopy.

Consent will be obtained from volunteer patients who agree with participating in the study. Demographic data will be collected about an hour before the procedure. Patients will undergo transabdominal ultrasound by a trained physician 30 minutes before the scheduled colonoscopy. All the ultrasounds will be performed by one person. The sonologist will perform transabdominal ultrasound evaluation of bowel preparation using the following tools and criteria:

The scale of intestinal lumen of each section will be classified into one of four types: (i) empty (no intraluminal content is observed and the lumen is contracted or emptied; small amount of gas in colon lumen can be pressed away from the region of interest by using the transducer); (ii) filled (the lumen is filled with fluid and no obvious solid content); (iii) retention (flatulence and/or content retention in the intestine, with no improvement after pressing on the abdomen or changing the position of the patient); and (iv) mixed (two or three of the conditions described above is observed at a single site, namely filled + empty, retention + empty, retention + filled or retention + filled + empty).