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COgnitive REhabilitation in Pediatric Patients with ABI, from Vegetative State to Functional Recovery

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Development, Child
Acquired Brain Injury
Interventions
Behavioral: Neuropsychological treatment
Registration Number
NCT04499092
Lead Sponsor
IRCCS Eugenio Medea
Brief Summary

Acquired brain injuries (ABI) represent one of the most important cause of disability and mortality during the pediatric age, also in the western Countries. The important medical progress of the last decade has increased the percentages of survivals, also in patients with the most severe clinical pictures. On the other hand, a brain injury reported in the first years of life presents with a more dramatic impact on cognitive and neurological development of patients and it may significantly interfere with adjustment, vocational perspectives and quality of life. Recent studies suggest that a brain damage at an early stage of development is related to more persistent sequelae in comparison with a comparable lesion reported by an adult patient, because of the neurological immaturity of the central nervous system at the moment of the insult. Furthermore, in most cases, a brain injury is related not only to motor and sensory deficits but also to significant behavioral and cognitive problems, that may occur immediately after the acute phase and persist or worsen over the years.

Detailed Description

The aims of the present study are:

1. To contribute to the adaptation of the Italian version of the Coma Recovery Scale for pediatrics, investigating behavioral responses of children across different age and developmental levels. Typically developing children and children with disorder of cosciousness due to ABI will be included;

2. For patients with an adequate cognitive profile, to compare the efficacy of two multidomain neuropsychological interventions: a personalized neuropsychological treatment and a sequential neuropsychological treatment. In the personalized neuropsychological treatment each patient will receive greater stimulation of the most deficient cognitive function(s), while at the same time being trained on all the other functions; in the sequential neuropsychological treatment, a fixed-dose stimulation of each cognitive function following a sequential order will be provided.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
184
Inclusion Criteria
  • children aged between 0 and 5 years
  • no suspicion of the presence of a neurodevelopmental disorder
  • For the preliminary validation of the Coma Recovery Scale in clinical subjects:

Inclusion criteria:

  • age between 0 and 10 years at the moment of the pathological event
  • LOCFAS score <5
  • a documented diagnosis of moderate-to-severe acquired brain injury of traumatic, anoxic, vascular or infective etiology (Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS<12)
  • a brain lesion reported within one year from study inclusion
  • For the evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of two multidomain neuropsychological treatments (CORE-ABI vs SET-ABI) in children emerged from a disorder of consciousness:
  • age between 5:0 and 17:11 years at the moment of the ABI
  • LOCFAS score>5
  • time between ABI and assessment <3 months
  • GCS <12 in the acute phase
  • negative anamnesis for other developmental disorders before the ABI
Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Multifunction treatmentNeuropsychological treatmentPatients that will receive a simulataneous multifunction treatment
Sequential treatmentNeuropsychological treatmentPatients will receive a sequential function by function treatment
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Conners Kiddie Continuous Performance Test-2nd Edition -K-CPT-2/Continuous Performance Test-3rd Edition -CPT-3before and immediately after the intervention

Conners Kiddie Continuous Performance Test-2nd Edition -K-CPT-2/Continuous Performance Test-3rd Edition-CPT-3 measure sustained attention. K-CPT-2 is used with children aged up to 7:11 years, while CPT-3 is adopted with children aged 8:0-17:11 years. Scores will be expressed as T scores (M=50, SD=10). Higher scores indicate worse outcomes.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
MCST/WCST Errorsbefore and immediately after the intervention

Cognitive flexibility will be assessed by using the computerized Modified Card Sorting Test (MCST) and the computerized Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The MCST will be used for children aged 5:0-7:11, while the WCST will be used for children aged 8:0-17:11. The number of total errors (MCST/WCST errors), which represents the sum of perseverative and non-perseverative errors, will be considered for this study. Scores will be expressed as Standard scores (M=100; SD=15), with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test-recall task (ROCF-recall)before and immediately after the intervention

The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test-recall task (ROCF-recall) will be used to evaluate long-term visual-spatial memory. In this task children will be required to reproduce a complicated line drawing 30 minutes after presentation. Scores will be expressed as z scores (M=0; SD=1), with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

BVN visual selective attentionbefore and immediately after the intervention

The visual selective attention task (BVN visual selective attention) of the Italian battery 'Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l'età evolutiva -BVN 5-11' \[Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for developmental age -BVN 5-11\] will be used for children aged 5:0-11:11 years; the same task included in the Italian battery 'Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l'adolescenza -BVN 12-18' \[Battery of neuropsychological evaluation for adolescence -BVN 12-18\] will be used for children aged 12:0-17:11 years. Scores will be expressed as z-scores (M=0; SD=1), with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

ToL Total movesbefore and immediately after the intervention

The Tower of London (ToL) will be used to assess planning and related problem-solving abilities. Total moves score will be used to evaluate the accuracy of planning. Scores will be expressed as Standard scores (M=100; SD=15) with higher scores indicating better outcomes. The administration sheet and normative data are available for children aged 7:0-15:11 years and adolescents and adults aged 16:0 years or older; thus children of this study aged less than 7:0 years will be not administered this test.

BVN Immediate word list recall taskbefore and immediately after the intervention

The BVN immediate word list recall task will be used to assess short-term verbal memory. The task included in the Italian 'Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l'età evolutiva -BVN 5-11-' \[Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for developmental age -BVN 5-11\] will be used for children aged 5:0-11:11 years, while the one included in the Italian 'Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l'adolescenza -BVN 12-18' \['Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for adolescence -BVN 12-18\] will be used for children aged 12:0-17:11 years. Scores will be expressed as z-scores (M=0; SD=1) with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Testbefore and immediately after the intervention

The Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test will be used to test visual-spatial orientation. The test targets subjects from 7:0 years onwards. Scores will be expressed as z-scores (M=0; SD=1), with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

BVN Phonemic fluencybefore and immediately after the intervention

The phonemic fluency task (BVN phonemic fluency) included in the Italian 'Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l'età evolutiva 5-11' \[Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for developmental age -BVN 5-11\] will be used for children aged 5:0-11:11 and the one included in the Italian 'Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l'adolescenza' \[Battery of neuropsychological evaluation for adolescence-BVN 12-18\] will be used for children aged 12:0-17:11 years. Scores will be expressed as z-scores. (M=0; SD=1), with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

NEPSY-II Theory of Mind subscalebefore and immediately after the intervention

The 'Theory of mind' subscale of the Italian version of the battery -A Developmental NEuroPSYchological Assessment-II (NEPSY-II) will be administered. The Theory of Mind subscale-part A assesses the understanding of mental functions and other people's perspectives, with raw scores ranging from 0 to 17; the Theory of Mind subscale-part B examines the ability to match basic emotions to specific situations. Scores will be expressed as scaled scores (M=10, SD=3), ranging from 1 to 19. Higher scores indicated better outcomes. As NEPSY-II was developed and validated for children aged 3:0-16:11 years, scores of adolescents aged 17:0-17:11 years will be calculated by considering norms for adolescents aged 15:0-16:11 years.

BVN Forward digit spanbefore and immediately after the intervention

The forward digit span test will be used to assess short-term memory. The task included in the Italian 'Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l'età evolutiva -BVN 5-11' \[Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for developmental age -BVN 5-11\] will be used for children aged 5:0-11:11 years, while the one included in the Italian 'Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l'adolescenza -BVN 12-18' \['Battery of neuropsychological evaluation for adolescence -BVN 12-18\] will be used for children aged 12:0-17:11 years. Scores will be expressed as z-scores (M=0; SD=1) with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test -copy task (ROCF-copy)before and immediately after the intervention

The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test -copy task (ROCF-copy) will be adopted to assess visual-constructional abilities. The test targets subjects from 4:0 years onwards. Scores will be expressed as z scores (M=0; SD=1), with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3rd Edition -TVPS-3-before and immediately after the intervention

The Italian version of the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-3rd Edition -TVPS-3- will be used to assess visual information processing. The test targets subjects from 4:0 years through 18:11. Scores will be expressed as Standard scores (M=100; SD=15), with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

BVN Delayed word list recall taskbefore and immediately after the intervention

The BVN delayed word list recall task will be used to assess long-term verbal memory. The task included in the Italian 'Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l'età evolutiva -BVN 5-11-' \[Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for developmental age -BVN 5-11\] will be used for children aged 5:0-11:11 years, while the one included in the Italian 'Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l'adolescenza -BVN 12-18' \['Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for adolescence -BVN 12-18\] will be used for children aged 12:0-17:11 years. Scores will be expressed as z-scores (M=0; SD=1) with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

BVN Corsibefore and immediately after the intervention

The Corsi block tapping task (BVN Corsi) will be used to assess visual-spatial working-memory. The task included in the Italian 'Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l'età evolutiva -BVN 5-11' \[Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for developmental age -BVN 5-11\] will be used for children aged 5:0-11:11; the same task included in the Italian 'Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l'adolescenza -BVN 12-18' \['Battery of neuropsychological evaluation for adolescence -BVN 12-18\] will be used for children aged 12:0-17:11 years. Scores will be expressed as z-scores (M=0; SD=1) with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

NEPSY-II Affect Recognition subscalebefore and immediately after the intervention

The 'Affect recognition' subscale of the Italian version of the battery -A Developmental NEuroPSYchological Assessment-II (NEPSY-II) will be administered. This subscale assesses the ability to recognize emotions on facial expressions. Scores will be expressed as scaled scores (M=10, SD=3), ranging from 1 to 19. Higher scores indicate better outcomes. As NEPSY-II was developed and validated for children aged 3:0-16:11 years, scores of adolescents aged 17:0-17:11 years will be calculated by considering norms for adolescents aged 15:0-16:11 years.

ToL Initiation Timebefore and immediately after the intervention

The Tower of London (ToL) will be used to assess planning and related problem-solving abilities. Total Initiation time score will be used to evaluate the time used to planning for problem-solving. Scores will be expressed as Standard scores (M=100; SD=15) with higher scores indicating better outcomes. The administration sheet and normative data are available for children aged 7:0-15:11 years and adolescents and adults aged 16:0 years or older; thus children of this study aged less than 7:0 years will be not administered this test.

BVN Backward digit spanbefore and immediately after the intervention

The Backward digit span test will be used to assess verbal working-memory. The task included in the Italian 'Batteria di valutazione neuropsicologica per l'età evolutiva -BVN 5-11' \[Battery for neuropsychological evaluation for developmental age -BVN 5-11\] will be used for children aged 5:0-11:11 years, while the one included in the Italian 'Batteria di Valutazione Neuropsicologica per l'adolescenza -BVN 12-18' \['Battery of neuropsychological evaluation for adolescence -BVN 12-18\] will be used for children aged 12:0-17:11 years. Patients will be required to repeat a sequence of numbers presented by the examiner in a reverse order. Scores will be expressed as z-scores (M=0; SD=1) with higher scores indicating better outcomes.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

IRCCS Eugenio Medea

🇮🇹

Bosisio Parini, Italy

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