Brief Structured Team Reflection Embedded in Elite Underwater Rugby Training: A Three-Wave Field Evaluation of Cohesion, Psychological Safety, Peer Trust, and Team Identification
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 25
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Team Cohesion (GEQ-12 short form)
研究概览
简要总结
This single-arm field evaluation examined whether a brief, structured team reflection routine embedded within usual elite underwater rugby training was associated with change in team cohesion, psychological safety, peer trust, and team identification across three measurement occasions. Twenty-five male athletes contributed at least one assessment. Baseline responses were recorded on 16-17 February 2026 (T0), midpoint responses after session 6 on 5-9 March 2026 (T1), and endpoint responses after session 12 on 18 March 2026 (T2). The registered plan anticipated 16 sessions over six weeks; operational delivery concluded after 12 sessions, and no later follow-up was conducted.
详细描述
The intervention consisted of brief, structured team-reflection conversations embedded within the squad's usual training environment. The routine used concise prompts, turn-taking, and a 'share-only' rule that prohibited interruption, rebuttal, blame, selection discussion, and cross-talk.. Sessions were intended to close with an observable cue, rule, norm, or micro-habit for subsequent training.
The registered plan anticipated 16 sessions over six weeks. Operational delivery concluded after 12 sessions. Assessments were completed at T0 (16-17 February 2026), T1 after session 6 (5-9 March 2026), and T2 after session 12 (18 March 2026). No later follow-up was conducted.
The retained study file contains outcome responses but no complete nominal record of attendance, actual session duration, facilitator fidelity, protocol deviations, training availability, injury, or illness. Accordingly, no attendance percentage, fidelity percentage, dose-response analysis, or injury/availability result is claimed. Objective sport-performance outcomes were not collected.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Na
- 干预模型
- Single Group
- 主要目的
- Other
- 盲法
- None
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Male
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Male elite underwater rugby athletes aged 18 years or older.
- •Officially rostered in the squad and training regularly (minimum 2 sessions per week).
- •Able to complete Spanish-language questionnaires.
- •Willing to participate and provide written informed consent.
- •Available to complete assessments at baseline (T0), week 3 (T1), and week 6 (T2).
排除标准
- •Unable to complete the questionnaires reliably (e.g., language/comprehension barriers).
- •Anticipated prolonged absence during the 6-week period that would prevent meaningful exposure to the intervention and/or completion of follow-up assessments.
- •Declines participation or does not provide informed consent.
研究组 & 干预措施
Usual elite underwater rugby training plus BSTR
Participants continued usual elite underwater rugby training and took part in 12 embedded Brief Structured Team Reflection sessions. There was no separate control arm.
干预措施: Brief Structured Team Reflection (BSTR) (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Team Cohesion (GEQ-12 short form)
时间窗: Baseline 16-17 February 2026 (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes); T1: 5-9 March 2026 (after session 6; T1; up to 5 minutes) and T2: 18 March 2026 (after session 12; post-intervention; up to 5 minutes)
Team cohesion measured using the Spanish 12-item short form of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Items are rated on a 1-9 scale; negatively keyed items are reverse-scored. A composite cohesion score is computed as the mean of items, with higher scores indicating greater perceived cohesion.
Team Cohesion (GEQ-12 short form)
时间窗: Baseline (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes), Week 3 (T1; up to 5 minutes), and Week 6 (T2, post-intervention; up to 5 minutes)
Team cohesion measured using the Spanish 12-item short form of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Items are rated on a 1-9 scale; negatively keyed items are reverse-scored. A composite cohesion score is computed as the mean of items, with higher scores indicating greater perceived cohesion.
次要结局
- Psychological Safety (Edmondson 7-item Team Psychological Safety scale)(Baseline 16-17 February 2026 (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes); T1: 5-9 March 2026 (after session 6; T1; up to 5 minutes) and T2: 18 March 2026 (after session 12; post-intervention; up to 5 minutes))
- Peer Trust (HERO horizontal trust, 4-item team-referent measure)(Baseline 16-17 February 2026 (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes); T1: 5-9 March 2026 (after session 6; T1; up to 5 minutes) and T2: 18 March 2026 (after session 12; post-intervention; up to 5 minutes))
- Team Identification (6-item team-referent identification scale)(Baseline 16-17 February 2026 (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes); T1: 5-9 March 2026 (after session 6; T1; up to 5 minutes) and T2: 18 March 2026 (after session 12; post-intervention; up to 5 minutes))
- Psychological Safety (Edmondson 7-item Team Psychological Safety scale)(Baseline (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes), Week 3 (T1; up to 5 minutes), and Week 6 (T2, post-intervention; up to 5 minutes))
- Peer Trust (HERO horizontal trust, 4-item team-referent measure)(Baseline (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes), Week 3 (T1; up to 5 minutes), and Week 6 (T2, post-intervention; up to 5 minutes))
- Team Identification (6-item team-referent identification scale)(Baseline (T0, pre-intervention; up to 5 minutes), Week 3 (T1; up to 5 minutes), and Week 6 (T2, post-intervention; up to 5 minutes))
研究者
Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya
Sponsor investigator
Federal University of Vicosa