Efficacy of a Controlled Breathing and Therapeutic Exercise Program on Cardiorespiratory Variables in Patients With Multiple Myeloma
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrollment
- 26
- Primary Endpoint
- HRV SDNN pre-postintervention
Overview
Brief Summary
A randomized, parallel, double-blind, controlled, clinical trial. Two groups of participants will be included, both receiving a therapeutic exercise intervention and an educational session on the importance of proper breathing over a 6-week period. One of the groups will additionally perform a home-based controlled breathing exercise protocol. Pre- and post-intervention assessments (6 weeks) will be conducted, along with a follow-up evaluation 4 weeks after completion of the intervention. The goal is to determine the effectiveness of adding a controlled breathing exercise program to a therapeutic exercise intervention on cardiorespiratory variables in individuals with multiple myeloma.
Detailed Description
Randomized, parallel, double-blind, controlled clinical trial including participants with a confirmed medical diagnosis of multiple myeloma who are currently receiving active treatment with daratumumab and are under clinical follow-up by the Hospital Hematology Department.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups:
- Control group: Therapeutic exercise + an initial educational session on proper breathing.
- Experimental group: Therapeutic exercise + an initial educational session on proper breathing + a home-based controlled breathing exercise protocol.
Both groups will undergo their respective intervention programs for 6 weeks. During each of the six weeks, participants will:
Perform three weekly sessions of mobility and muscle-strengthening exercises (two supervised on-site sessions and one home-based session). The on-site sessions will last 30-40 minutes and will be conducted at the Rehabilitation Department of Hospital 12 de Octubre in Madrid (a total of 12 on-site sessions, two per week). The weekly home-based session will consist of a structured session replicating the content and methodology of the supervised program.
Walk a minimum of 7,000 steps per day or 50 minutes per day, at least three days per week.
Participants assigned to the experimental group will additionally perform a controlled breathing protocol twice daily at home, following the recommendations of the principal investigator. Furthermore, they will complete two in-person controlled breathing training sessions, each lasting 5 minutes, at the hospital to ensure correct execution of the technique-one at the beginning of the intervention and one at its completion.
The variables to be assessed will include heart rate variability (HRV) indicators (SDNN, RMSSD, HF), heart rate, lower limb strength assessed using the 30-Second Sit-to-Stand Test (30STS), and estimated peak oxygen consumption (VO₂peak). All outcome measures will be evaluated at baseline, at the end of the 6-week intervention, and 4 weeks after completion of the intervention.
In addition, heart rate variability indicators and heart rate will be assessed immediately before and after the two in-person controlled breathing training sessions. as well as before and after an additional reinforcement session conducted four weeks after completion of the intervention. This will allow evaluation of the acute response of these variables to the breathing protocol, compared with participants in the control group, who will be instructed to breathe spontaneously, maintaining their habitual breathing pattern without any external guidance during the same time period.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking Description
Only the principal investigator will have access to the randomization sequence, thereby maintaining blinding for the rest of the team involved in data collection. Both groups will receive the same therapeutic exercise program and an educational session with a standardized educational leaflet on the importance of physical activity and proper breathing in daily life, with the aim of minimizing differences in the perceived intervention. The study will include evaluator blinding, as all assessments will be carried out by an independent investigator who is not involved in the randomization process and is unaware of participants' group allocation. Additionally, statistical analyses will be conducted by a specialized statistician, also blinded to group assignment, thereby ensuring impartiality in the analysis and interpretation of the results.
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Age ≥ 18 years.
- •Confirmed diagnosis of multiple myeloma, currently undergoing active treatment with daratumumab, and under clinical follow-up by the Hematology Department of HU12O.
- •Explicit medical indication for supervised physical activity issued by the responsible hematologist and documented in the medical record.
- •No scheduled hematopoietic stem cell transplantation within the 60 days following the planned start date of the intervention (verified through medical record review).
- •Functional status of ECOG 0-2 (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group), assessed by a healthcare professional from the Hematology Department, ensuring the ability to perform at least basic and light instrumental activities of daily living, including independent ambulation.
- •Access to a smartphone with stable internet connection, required for monitoring and recording adherence to the intervention.
- •Ability to provide written informed consent, demonstrating understanding of the study's nature, purpose, and procedures.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Medical risk contraindicating exercise or breathing techniques:
- •Clinically significant cardiovascular disease, including:decompensated heart failure, acute myocardial infarction within the past 3 months, clinically uncontrolled arrhythmias, unstable angina, acute-phase deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, pacemakers or cardiac devices whose monitoring parameters contraindicate supervised exercise according to cardiology.
- •Severe decompensated respiratory disease, such as acute exacerbation of COPD, severe respiratory insufficiency, or persistently low resting oxygen saturation \< 90% (not correctable).
- •High musculoskeletal or bone risk:
- •Extensive lytic bone lesions, high risk of pathological fracture, or unstable vertebral fracture, documented by imaging or based on the assessment of the Hematology/Traumatology specialist.
- •Uncontrolled pain that prevents safe participation in an exercise program.
- •Hematologic or systemic conditions contraindicating exercise:
- •Severe anemia: hemoglobin \< 9 g/dL in women or \< 8 g/dL in men (latest laboratory test ≤ 14 days).
- •Active systemic infection contraindicating exercise, fever ≥ 38 °C, or neutropenia \< 0.5 × 10⁹/L.
- •Severe cytopenias that, in the opinion of the hematologist, preclude moderate exercise.
Arms & Interventions
Therapeutic exercise + initial education session + home-based controlled breathing exercise protocol
- Participants will perform a controlled breathing protocol at home twice daily, at least five days per week, throughout the 6-week study period, following the recommendations of the principal investigator. Additionally, within this same group, two in-person controlled breathing training sessions, each lasting 5 minutes, will be conducted at the hospital.
- Perform three weekly sessions of mobility and muscle-strengthening exercises (two on-site and one home-based) for 6 weeks. The home-based exercise program will consist of completing, once per week during the 6-week intervention, a structured session that replicates the logic and technique of the on-site program.
- Walk a minimum of 7,000 steps/day or 50 minutes/day, three days per week.
- All participants will receive an initial educational session and an explanatory leaflet outlining the fundamental principles of functional breathing.
Intervention: Controlled breathing exercise protocol + therapeutic exercise + initial education session (Other)
Therapeutic exercise + initial educational session on proper breathing
- Perform three weekly sessions of mobility and muscle-strengthening exercises (two on-site and one home-based) for 6 weeks. The home-based exercise program will consist of completing, once per week during the 6-week intervention, a structured session that replicates the logic and technique of the on-site program.
- Walk a minimum of 7,000 steps/day or 50 minutes/day, three days per week.
- To promote adherence to the protocol and standardize basic knowledge regarding the breathing technique, all participants will receive an initial educational session delivered on the first day of the on-site intervention. This session will include an introductory lecture and an explanatory leaflet outlining the fundamental principles of functional breathing and its relevance to the intervention.
Intervention: Therapeutic exercise + initial education session (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
HRV SDNN pre-postintervention
Time Frame: Baseline measurement: obtained prior to initiation of the training protocol. Second measurement: obtained immediately upon completion of the 6-week protocol.Follow-up: one additional measurement four weeks after completing the intervention protocol.
Two measurement systems will be used concurrently to assess HRV SDNN and to evaluate agreement between methods: * Handheld portable electrocardiograph. * Heart rate and HRV monitor with chest-worn sensor (Polar H10).
Secondary Outcomes
- HRV SDNN In-person controlled breathing intervention(-First measurement: before and after the first in-person breathing training session.-Second measurement (week 6): before and after the second in-person breathing training session.-Third measurement (week 10): before and after the reinforcement session)
- HRV RMSSD In-person controlled breathing intervention(-First measurement: before and after the first in-person breathing training session.-Second measurement (week 6): before and after the second in-person breathing training session.-Third measurement (week 10): before and after the reinforcement session.)
- HRV HF In-person controlled breathing intervention(-First measurement: before and after the first in-person breathing training session.-Second measurement (week 6): before and after the second in-person breathing training session.-Third measurement (week 10): before and after the reinforcement session.)
- Heart Rate In-person controlled breathing intervention(-First measurement: before and after the first in-person breathing training session.-Second measurement (week 6): before and after the second in-person breathing training session.-Third measurement (week 10): before and after the reinforcement session.)
- Heart Rate pre-postintervention(Baseline measurement: obtained prior to initiation of the training protocol. Second measurement: obtained immediately upon completion of the 6-week protocol.Follow-up: one additional measurement four weeks after completing the intervention protocol.)
- HRV RMSSD pre-postintervention(Baseline measurement: obtained prior to initiation of the training protocol. Second measurement: obtained immediately upon completion of the 6-week protocol.Follow-up: one additional measurement four weeks after completing the intervention protocol.)
- HRV HF pre-postintervention(Baseline measurement: obtained prior to initiation of the training protocol. Second measurement: obtained immediately upon completion of the 6-week protocol.Follow-up: one additional measurement four weeks after completing the intervention protocol.)
Investigators
Isidro Fernández López
Principal Investigator
Universidad Complutense de Madrid