Can a Self-guided Cognitive Behavioral-based Mobile Phone Application Program With a Self-Compassion Component Reduce Unhealthy Perfectionism in University Students - a Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) With a 4-week Follow-up

Change in shame

时间窗: Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment

Internalized Shame Scale (ISS). A 30-item self-report questionnaire which assesses internalized shame, and a subscale of self-esteem. It is scored on a five-point scale from "Never" (1) to "Almost always" (5). Higher scores reflect greater symptom severity.

Change in maladaptive perfectionism

时间窗: Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment

Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS). A 35-item self-report questionnaire which assesses four sub-scales of perfectionism - Concern over mistakes, Excessive concern with parental expectations, Personal Standards and Concern with precision, order and organisation. It is scored on a five-point scale, from "Strongly disagree" (1) to "Strongly agree" (5). Higher scores reflect higher levels of maladaptive perfectionism.

Change in Self-Compassion

时间窗: Day 1, Day 8, Day 14, 4 weeks after completion of treatment

Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-SF). A 12-item self-report questionnaire which assesses degree of self-compassion. It is the briefer version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (Neff, 2003). It is scored on a five-point scale from "Almost never" (1) to "Almost all of the time" (5). A total score is derived from taking the mean of the 12 items. Higher scores reflect greater self- compassion.