Effectiveness of a Dyadic Pain Management Program for Community-dwelling Older Adults with Chronic Pain
- Conditions
- ElderlyChronic PainInformal CaregiversDyadic Intervention
- Interventions
- Behavioral: Dyadic pain management programOther: Usual care and pain management pamphlet
- Registration Number
- NCT05056623
- Lead Sponsor
- Hong Kong Metropolitan University
- Brief Summary
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a dyadic pain management program (DPM) in reducing pain and psychological health symptoms, improving pain self-efficacy, quality of life, and physical function in older adults.
Hypothesis: DPM is more effective in reducing pain and psychological health symptoms, improving pain self-efficacy, quality of life, and physical function among older adults than the usual care, upon completion of the DPM (week 8) and over time (week 16).
Design and subjects: Clustered randomized controlled trial with neighborhood elderly centers (NEC) as cluster; 150 dyads (one older adults and his/her caregiver as one dyad) will be recruited from 22 NEC clusters. Each NEC will be randomly allocated to experimental group (receive DPM), control group (receive usual care and pain management pamphlet).
Study instruments: Brief Pain Inventory; Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; Short Form Health Survey-12; Depression, anxiety \& stress; Caregiver Burden Inventory; 6-minute walk test and process evaluation.
Intervention: DPM, each session includes exercise, interactive pain management education, practices on non-drug techniques and using a WhatsApp (WhatsApp Messenger) group to encourage home-based exercise and practice of non-drug methods.
Outcome measures: Pain intensity, pain self-efficacy, perceived health-related quality of life and experience in participating DPM, to be collected at baseline (T0), week 8 (T1), and week 16 (T2).
Data analysis: Multilevel regression and/or Generalized Estimating Equation will be used for within-group and between- group comparisons.
- Detailed Description
The DPM is an 8-week group-based program. The DPM included 4 weeks of center-based, face-to-face activities and 4 weeks digital-based activities delivered via a WhatsApp group. An 80% participation rate in the face-to-face activities will be regarded as completion of the DPM. Timely make-up sessions will be arranged for those unable to attend the scheduled session.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 150
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Dyadic pain management program Dyadic pain management program The DPM is an 8-week group-based program. The DPM included 4 weeks of center-based, face-to-face activities and 4 weeks digital-based activities delivered via a WhatsApp group. Usual care and pain management pamphlet Usual care and pain management pamphlet The participants in the control group will receive the usual care and a pain management pamphlet.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change from baseline pain intensity at week 16 Baseline to week 16 The Chinese version of the Brief Pain Inventory will be used to assess the multidimensional nature of pain, including intensity and interference with life activities in the previous 24 hours. Minimum score = 0; Maximum score = 10. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Physical function: 6-minute walk test Baseline (T0), week 8 (T1), week 16 (T2) A 6-minute walk test to test exercise tolerance in chronic disease.
Semi-structured interviews for older adults and their caregivers Individual interviews will be conducted by the Research Assistant 1 within 2 weeks after T1 To obtain the widest range of opinions and comments from different perspectives, equal proportions of participants 1) with significant positive changes between the baseline and first post-test measurements, 2) without significant changes, and 3) with negative changes, will be invited for interviews. They will be asked to comment on their experiences and feelings about the intervention that they received and on changes in their behavior, their perceptions of the intervention, their beliefs, concerns, and views of the difficulties of managing pain; and how the intervention could be improved to meet their needs.
Perceived quality of life Baseline (T0), week 8 (T1), week 16 (T2) The Chinese version of the EuroQoL 5-dimension 5-level version (EQ-5D-5L) will be used to measure quality of life of participants as well as the cost effectiveness of the proposed dyadic pain management program. It is a health-related quality of life measure developed by the EuroQol Group. Minimum score = 0; Maximum score = 100. Higher scores means a better outcome.
Caregiver Burden Inventory (for the caregivers only) Baseline (T0), week 8 (T1), week 16 (T2) The Caregiver Burden Inventory comprises 24 items measuring five dimensions of burden related to the caregiving role. Minimum score = 0; Maximum score 96. Higher score means a worse outcome.
Process evaluation Baseline (T0), week 8 (T1), week 16 (T2) A process evaluation will be carried out to identify the strengths and limitations of the intervention from the perspectives of the older adults and their caregivers
Pain self-efficacy Baseline (T0), week 8 (T1), week 16 (T2) A Chinese version of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) will be used to measure self-efficacy in coping with activities despite pain. Minimum score = 0; Maximum score = 60. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Psychological health : Depression, anxiety, & stress Baseline (T0), week 8 (T1), week 16 (T2) The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21-items (DASS-21) is a self-administered psychological instrument to evaluate degrees of depression, anxiety, and stress. Minimum score. Minimum score = 0; Maximum score: Depression = 28+, Anxiety = 20+, Stress = 37+. Higher score means a worse outcome.
Field observations Each DPM will be observed twice within four sessions when carrying out the DPM through 8-week group-based program To monitor the quality of the implementation of the DPM. A total of 48 observations will be conducted by the principal investigator, guided by a fidelity checklist. 9 The checklist indicates the implementation of DPM in terms of four levels: low/not observed; observed to a small degree; observed to a medium degree, and high implementation.
Knowledge and skills acquired in managing pain situations for older adults Baseline (T0), week 8 (T1), week 16 (T2) A questionnaire will be given to the participants in the experimental and control groups regarding their knowledge and skills in managing pain situations. Minimum score = 0, Maximum score = 10. Higher score means a better outcome.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Hong Kong Metropolitan University
🇭🇰Hong Kong, Hong Kong