Phase II Study of XL184 (Cabozantinib) in Combination With Nivolumab and Ipilimumab (CaboNivoIpi) in Patients With Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Whose Cancer Progressed After One Prior VEGFR-Targeted Therapy
Overview
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Intervention
- Computed Tomography
- Conditions
- Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma
- Sponsor
- National Cancer Institute (NCI)
- Enrollment
- 11
- Locations
- 64
- Primary Endpoint
- Objective Response Rate
- Status
- Active, not recruiting
- Last Updated
- 19 days ago
Overview
Brief Summary
This phase II trial studies how well cabozantinib, nivolumab, and ipilimumab work in treating patients with differentiated thyroid cancer that does not respond to radioactive iodine and that worsened after treatment with a drug targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), a protein needed to form blood vessels. Cabozantinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab and ipilimumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Giving cabozantinib, nivolumab and ipilimumab may work better than the usual approach consisting of chemotherapy with drugs such as doxorubicin, sorafenib, and lenvatinib for this type of thyroid cancer.
Detailed Description
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To assess the objective response rate, defined as the proportion of patients who have had a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) within the first 6 months after initiation of therapy with cabozantinib S-malate (XL184 \[cabozantinib\]), nivolumab, and ipilimumab (CaboNivoIpi). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To assess duration of objective response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). II. To assess tolerability and adverse events of CaboNivoIpi in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. To correlate treatment response (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors \[RECIST\] version \[v\]1.1) with tumor mutation status. II. To correlate treatment response (RECIST v1.1) with frequency of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in biopsies taken pre-treatment and after 12 weeks of CaboNivoIpi therapy. III. To evaluate the effect of CaboNivoIpi on T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and to identify the frequency of shared T cell clones between tumor and peripheral blood. IV. To evaluate the effect of XL184 (cabozantinib) alone and of the CaboNivoIpi combination on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to correlate their frequency with treatment response (RECIST v1.1). V. To evaluate the effect of XL184 (cabozantinib) alone and of the CaboNivoIpi combination on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and to correlate their frequency with treatment response (RECIST v1.1). VI. To correlate treatment response (RECIST v1.1) with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) / programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in the primary/metastatic tumor. OUTLINE: Patients receive cabozantinib S-malate orally (PO) once daily (QD) on days -14 to -1 prior to cycle 1, days 1-42 of cycles 1-4 and days 1-28 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive nivolumab intravenously (IV) over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, and 29 of cycles 1-4 and day 1 of subsequent cycles and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Treatment repeats every 42 days for cycles 1-4 and every 28 days for subsequent cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during screening, and blood sample collection throughout the study. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 6 weeks, and then every 12 weeks for up to 2 years.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), or Hurthle cell thyroid cancer (HTC). Follicular variant of PTC or any of the above mixed histology will be allowed, as well as tall cell, insular, or poorly-differentiated thyroid cancers. Patients with anaplastic thyroid cancers (ATC) or medullary thyroid cancers (MTC) are not eligible
- •Patients must have measurable disease as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1
- •Patients must have radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory/resistant disease as defined by one or more of the following criteria:
- •One or more measurable lesions that do not demonstrate RAI uptake,
- •Progressive disease (PD) (new lesion or progression of previously known lesions), as defined by RECIST v1.1, within 12 months of prior RAI therapy,
- •One or more measurable lesion present after cumulative RAI dose of \> 600 mCi, or
- •Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scan-positive disease (SUV \>= 5 in tumor lesion)
- •The patient's disease must have progressed on one line of VEGFR-targeted therapy (including, but not limited to, sorafenib, sunitinib, vandetanib, pazopanib, or lenvatinib, etc.) as defined by PD per RECIST v1.1 while receiving VEGFR-targeted therapy. Patients who have received more than one line of prior VEGFR-targeted therapy will not be eligible
- •Prior external beam radiation to extra-osseous disease, systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy or BRAF- or non-VEGFR-targeted therapies will be allowed, provided that \> 4 weeks has elapsed since receiving prior treatment. Radiation to bone metastases is allowed up to 2 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment
- •Patients must be \>= 18 years of age. Because no dosing or adverse event data are currently available on the use of XL184 (cabozantinib), nivolumab, or ipilimumab in patients \<18 years of age, children are excluded from this study, but may be eligible for future pediatric trials.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Patients must not have had prior treatment with XL184 (cabozantinib), any MET-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), or any MET-targeting monoclonal antibody (MetMAb), such as onartuzumab
- •Patients must not have had prior treatment with an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-CTLA-4 antibody, or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T cell co-stimulation or immune checkpoint pathways
- •Patients must not have a tumor invading or encasing any major blood vessels, and must not have evidence of tumor invading the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (esophagus, stomach, small or large bowel, rectum, or anus), or any evidence of endotracheal or endobronchial tumor within 28 days before the first dose of XL184 (cabozantinib)
- •Patients must not have a diagnosis of another malignancy within 2 years before the first dose of study treatment, except for superficial skin cancers, or localized, low grade tumors deemed cured and not treated with systemic therapy. Adjuvant hormonal therapy for history of prostate or breast cancer is allowed
- •Patients must not have received cytotoxic chemotherapy (including investigational cytotoxic chemotherapy) or biologic agents (e.g., cytokines or antibodies) within 4 weeks, or nitrosoureas/ mitomycin C within 6 weeks, before the first dose of study treatment. Patients may continue on bone-modifying agents (denosumab or bisphosphonates) with caution
- •Patients must not have received radiation therapy:
- •To the thoracic cavity, abdomen, or pelvis within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment;
- •To bone metastases within 14 days before the first dose of study treatment;
- •To any other sites within 4 weeks before the first dose of study treatment
- •Patients must not have clinically relevant, ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy. Palliative (limited-field) radiation therapy is permitted as long as the patient does not have disease progression according to RECIST v 1.1
Arms & Interventions
Treatment (cabozantinib S-malate, nivolumab, ipilimumab)
Patients receive cabozantinib S-malate PO QD on days -14 to -1 prior to cycle 1, days 1-42 of cycles 1-4 and days 1-28 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, and 29 of cycles 1-4 and day 1 of subsequent cycles and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Treatment repeats every 42 days for cycles 1-4 and every 28 days for subsequent cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT or MRI during screening, and blood sample collection throughout the study.
Intervention: Computed Tomography
Treatment (cabozantinib S-malate, nivolumab, ipilimumab)
Patients receive cabozantinib S-malate PO QD on days -14 to -1 prior to cycle 1, days 1-42 of cycles 1-4 and days 1-28 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, and 29 of cycles 1-4 and day 1 of subsequent cycles and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Treatment repeats every 42 days for cycles 1-4 and every 28 days for subsequent cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT or MRI during screening, and blood sample collection throughout the study.
Intervention: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Treatment (cabozantinib S-malate, nivolumab, ipilimumab)
Patients receive cabozantinib S-malate PO QD on days -14 to -1 prior to cycle 1, days 1-42 of cycles 1-4 and days 1-28 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, and 29 of cycles 1-4 and day 1 of subsequent cycles and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Treatment repeats every 42 days for cycles 1-4 and every 28 days for subsequent cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT or MRI during screening, and blood sample collection throughout the study.
Intervention: Cabozantinib S-malate
Treatment (cabozantinib S-malate, nivolumab, ipilimumab)
Patients receive cabozantinib S-malate PO QD on days -14 to -1 prior to cycle 1, days 1-42 of cycles 1-4 and days 1-28 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, and 29 of cycles 1-4 and day 1 of subsequent cycles and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Treatment repeats every 42 days for cycles 1-4 and every 28 days for subsequent cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT or MRI during screening, and blood sample collection throughout the study.
Intervention: Nivolumab
Treatment (cabozantinib S-malate, nivolumab, ipilimumab)
Patients receive cabozantinib S-malate PO QD on days -14 to -1 prior to cycle 1, days 1-42 of cycles 1-4 and days 1-28 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, and 29 of cycles 1-4 and day 1 of subsequent cycles and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Treatment repeats every 42 days for cycles 1-4 and every 28 days for subsequent cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT or MRI during screening, and blood sample collection throughout the study.
Intervention: Ipilimumab
Treatment (cabozantinib S-malate, nivolumab, ipilimumab)
Patients receive cabozantinib S-malate PO QD on days -14 to -1 prior to cycle 1, days 1-42 of cycles 1-4 and days 1-28 of subsequent cycles. Patients also receive nivolumab IV over 30 minutes on days 1, 15, and 29 of cycles 1-4 and day 1 of subsequent cycles and ipilimumab IV over 90 minutes on day 1 of cycles 1-4. Treatment repeats every 42 days for cycles 1-4 and every 28 days for subsequent cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo CT or MRI during screening, and blood sample collection throughout the study.
Intervention: Biospecimen Collection
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Objective Response Rate
Time Frame: Up to 6 months after initiation of therapy
Defined as the proportion of patients who have had a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR) within the first 6 months after initiation of therapy.
Secondary Outcomes
- Treatment Related Adverse Events (TRAEs)(Up to 2 years)
- Duration of Response(From response (PR or CR) to documented progression, assessed up to approximately 25 months)
- Progression-free Survival(From initiation of therapy to documented progression or death, whichever occurs first, assessed up to 2 years)
- Overall Survival(From initiation of therapy to death from any cause, assessed up to 2 years)