A Clinico-microbiological study to isolate and identify Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) causing microbes in pregnancy and effects of Gokshur (Tribulus terrestris).

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common complication during pregnancy and can lead to serious maternal and fetal outcomes. UTI can be asymptomatic, with bacteria present in urine without symptoms, or symptomatic, characterized by symptoms like dysuria, frequent urination, suprapubic pain, and fever. Infections of the upper urinary tract, such as pyelonephritis, can result in more severe complications like preterm labor, anemia, and even maternal death. Risk factors for UTI in pregnancy include physiological changes, a history of UTI, advanced maternal age, and poor hygiene. Common pathogens responsible for UTI include *Escherichia coli*, *Klebsiella*, *Proteus mirabilis*, and *Enterococcus*. Prevalence rates of UTI during pregnancy range from 4-25%, and treatment typically involves a short course of antibiotics. However, antibiotics such as Nitrofurantoin and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole are avoided in the first trimester due to potential fetal risks. Additionally, the overuse of antibiotics has led to drug resistance, posing a challenge in treating UTI.

To address these challenges, alternative treatments like the use of Gokshura (*Tribulus terrestris*), a traditional Ayurvedic herb with antimicrobial and diuretic properties, are being explored. Gokshura is known for balancing doshas and aiding in the treatment of UTI symptoms without the side effects associated with antibiotics. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Gokshura in treating UTI during pregnancy, comparing its effects alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics. Additionally, it seeks to isolate and identify the bacteria responsible for UTI in pregnant women and determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Gokshura and antibiotics against these pathogens.