The Exercise Effects on Appetite and Gut Peptides While on High-fat Diet
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- University of Michigan
- Enrollment
- 16
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Plasma concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Determine whether the mid-day suppression of hunger and amplified increase in the release of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) following morning exercise is due to increased fat content of the diet per se or a combination of high fat diet after morning exercise. The action of gut peptides, particularly GLP-1, on gastric emptying is likely to be important in mediating its effects on postprandial appetite and glycemia (Nauck et al. 1997). Our hypothesis is that exercise amplifies gut peptide secretion when diet is enriched with fat, and that this stimulus suppresses the hunger sensation.
Detailed Description
Specific aim: Determine whether a change in macronutrient composition from 60% carbohydrate and 25% fat to 30% carbohydrate and 45% fat is responsible by itself for suppression of hunger and increased secretory response of glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), or whether these changes depend on preceding exercise. We will measure (a) concentrations of plasma GIP and GLP-1 by chemiluminescent multiplex assay, (b) concentrations of plasma ancetaminophen to assess the gastric emptying rate, (c) concentrations of plasma insulin, and glucagon by radioimmunoassay, and glucose, ketone bodies, and free fatty acids with appropriate spectrophotometric methods, (d) hourly appetite responses with visual analog scale under two conditions: sedentary (SED) and exercise (EX).
Hypothesis
Hunger suppression and secretion of GIP and GLP-1 after the morning meal will be greater with slower gastric emptying rate when a meal consisting of 45% fat and 30% carbohydrate follows three hours after a 2-hour bout of moderate-intensity exercise than in the absence of exercise.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Non Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Basic Science
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 50 Years to 65 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- Female
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •Postmenopausal status
- •Age 50 to 65 years
- •BMI between 20 and 30 kg/m
- •Good health status (normotensive, fasting glucose < 100 mg/dl, , hematocrit > 32%, hemoglobin >12 mg/dl)
- •Absence of restricted food intake
- •Absence of endocrine and metabolic disorders requiring medication other than hormonally corrected hypothyroidism
- •Absence of musculoskeletal disabilities that would prevent walking
Exclusion Criteria
- •Presence of endocrine and metabolic disease requiring medication, other than hormonally corrected hypothyroidism
- •Presence of musculoskeletal disabilities that would prevent walking
- •Active dieting
- •Absence of listed inclusion criteria
- •Unwillingness to follow study protocol.
Arms & Interventions
Exercise-high-fat diet
Two bouts of exercise followed by a high-fat meal
Intervention: Exercise and diets (Other)
Exercise-high-carbohydrate diet
Two bouts of exercise followed by a high-carbohydrate meal
Intervention: Exercise and diets (Other)
Sedentary-high-fat diet
Sedentary trial with two high-fat meals
Intervention: Exercise and diets (Other)
Sedentary-high-carbohydrate diet
Sedentary trial with two high-carbohydrate meals
Intervention: Exercise and diets (Other)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Plasma concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate
Time Frame: 36 hours
Changes in plasma concentration of beta-hydroxybutyrate to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal
Plasma glucagon concentration
Time Frame: 36 hours
Changes in plasma glucagon concentration to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal
Plasma concentration of free fatty acids
Time Frame: 36 hours
Changes in plasma concentration of free fatty acidsto two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal
daytime hourly appetite ratings
Time Frame: 36 hours
Changes in daytime hourly appetite ratings to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal
Plasma insulin concentration
Time Frame: 36 hours
Change in plasma insulin to two bouts of exercise followed by a high-carbohydrate or a high fat diet
Plasma glucose concentration
Time Frame: 36 hours
Changes in plasma glucose concentration to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal
Plasma concentration of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)
Time Frame: 36 hours
Changes in plasma concentration of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)to two bouts of exercise followed by either a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat meal
Secondary Outcomes
- Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(36 hours)
- Plasma concentrations of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY)(36 hours)
Investigators
Dr. Katarina Borer
Professor
University of Michigan