Effect of Daily Vinegar Ingestion for Four Weeks on Mood State in Healthy College Students

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Depression; Mood
• Interventions: Dietary Supplement: apple cider vinegar; Dietary Supplement: vinegar pill

• Registration Number: NCT04706806
• Lead Sponsor: Arizona State University

Brief Summary

The objective of this research is to record mood states and depression levels in healthy college students before and after 4 weeks of daily vinegar ingestion.

Detailed Description

Recent research suggests that fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with mood states and depression. Although the mechanism is not known, increased gut fermentation is suspected as changes in gut tryptophan metabolism was noted in these trials. Tryptophan is the precursor to serotonin, the neurotransmitter associated with improved mood state, but other metabolites of tryptophan have been associated with mental wellbeing as well. The main ingredient of vinegar, acetic acid, is the most common metabolite produced during gut fermentation of dietary fiber (mainly from fruits and vegetables) and can also be expected to influence the gut microbiome. It has been reported that vinegar ingestion is linked to a change in tryptophan metabolism in healthy adults consuming vinegar daily for 8 weeks. This study will explore the impact of vinegar ingestion on mood states.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2020-09-29
• Primary Completion: 2020-11-17
• Study Completion: 2020-11-17
• Status Verified: 2021-01
• Study First Submitted: 2021-01-11
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-01-11
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-01-11
• Study First Posted: 2021-01-13
• Last Update Posted: 2021-01-13

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 25

Inclusion Criteria

• college student, non-athlete, no chronic health condition

Exclusion Criteria

• vegetarians or others adhering to special diet, body mass index >30 kg/m2, pregnancy/lactation, unwilling to ingest vinegar

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
liquid vinegar	apple cider vinegar	2 tablespoons (diluted in water) taken twice daily with meals
vinegar pill	vinegar pill	1 vinegar pill taken daily

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
depression	change from baseline at day 28	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
mood state	change from baseline at day 28	Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire score

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Arizona State University; 🇺🇸 Phoenix, Arizona, United States