Investigation of Effectiveness of 'Nordic Walking' Training On Geriatric Individuals: a Randomized Comparative Study
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Enrollment
- 28
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Sit-to-stand test (STS):
Study Overview
Brief Summary
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Nordic Walking training on muscle strength and endurance, balance, fear of falling, aerobic capacity, fatigue, quality of life and activity level in geriatric individuals.
32 sedentary individuals between the ages of 65-80 participated in the study. Nordic Walking (NW) and Traditional Walking (GY) groups were created by systematic randomization method. In line with the intended research parameters, participants were given 30 sec sit-to-stand (30secCST), 30 sec biceps curl (30 sec ACT), timed up and go (TUG) 6 min walk (6MWT), Tinetti Fall Effectiveness (Tinetti FES), Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TSK), World Health Organization Quality of Life Elderly Module (WHOQOL-Old) were administered. Evaluations were repeated before and after the study. The study was conducted under the supervision of a physiotherapist, 3 days a week for 12 weeks in both groups.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 65 Years to 80 Years (Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •being between 65 and 80 years of age,
- •having a score of 24 or above on the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE),
- •and voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study.
Exclusion Criteria
- •a history of cerebrovascular accident,
- •acute retinal hemorrhage or previous ophthalmic surgery,
- •active infection, malignancy,
- •multiple organ failure, terminal illness, or a history of lower or upper extremity fracture within the last three months.
- •had any musculoskeletal condition that would prevent them from engaging in exercise,
- •a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or dementia,
- •a diagnosis of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV),
- •had engaged in regular exercise training (≥150 minutes per week) within the past six months.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Sit-to-stand test (STS):
Time Frame: at the beginning and at the end of the 12th week
This is a widely used clinical assessment tool in geriatrics for evaluating lower limb function, muscle strength, balance, and overall physical performance in older adults. Participants were instructed to sit on a chair approximately 48 cm in height, keeping their back straight, feet flat on the floor, and arms crossed over the chest. They were then asked to stand up and sit down repeatedly for 30 seconds. The total number of complete stands performed within the 30-second period was recorded
Biceps curl test (BCT):
Time Frame: at the beginning and at the end of the 12th week
This is a widely used assessment in geriatrics to evaluate upper body strength and endurance, particularly of the arm muscles (7). The arm curl test was performed with participants seated on a chair without armrests. Holding a dumbbell in the hand with the palm facing the body, participants executed elbow flexion with supination through a full range of motion, ensuring the elbow was fully bent and then fully extended for each repetition. Women used 2 kg dumbbells and men used 3 kg dumbbells. The total number of controlled repetitions completed in 30 seconds was recorded.
6-Minute Walk Test (MWT):
Time Frame: at the beginning and at the end of the 12th week
It is a widely used, simple, and validated clinical assessment to measure aerobic capacity and functional exercise tolerance in older adults (8). The participant was instructed to walk along a 30-meter flat surface for six minutes. At the end of the six-minute period, the total distance walked was recorded in meters.
Timed Up and Go Test (TUG):
Time Frame: at the beginning and at the end of the 12th week
This is a clinical and research tool to assess mobility, balance, walking ability, and fall risk in older adults (9). While seated on a chair approximately 48 cm in height, the participant was instructed, upon hearing the "start" command, to stand up, walk 3 meters forward at a normal walking speed, return, and sit down again. The test was performed twice, and the average time was recorded.
Secondary Outcomes
- Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale (TFES):(at the beginning and at the end of the 12th week)
- Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS):(at the beginning and at the end of the 12th week)
- World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module (WHOQL- OLD):(at the beginning and at the end of the 12th week)
Investigators
Nursel Oziri
PhD
Istanbul Rumeli University