Application of the bio-psycho-social(BPS) model in totality formulation for homeopathic management of end stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis: A prospective case series

The End Stage Renal Disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which the kidney has lost it’s all ability to function effectively. Due to severe loss of kidney functions individual with ESRD requires dialysis however, Chronic Renal failure is a process, and understanding this process is of utmost importance from a homoeopathic angle, as ESRD is multi-factorial, multi-miasmatic illness which is increasing rapidly across the globe in the light of increasing various lifestyle disorders. Recent articles and even various stake holders are recognizing that it is very important to look into overall holistic aspect of illness because it influences disease outcomes, the individual himself is ill and not only his Renal health and  considerable care should be given so that maintenance of artificial prolongation of life is as smooth as it can be but no definite guidelines are available to achieve this in practical application  BPS model is a holistic framework for understanding and treating disease states. The BPS model helps in the formulation of totality based on the symptoms for the selection of remedy through detailed case taking leading to identification of predisposition, mental disposition, precipitating factors, aggravating factors, maintaining factors, characteristic mental and physical expressions & environmental factors Thus, this study understands ESRD patients on MHD through the BPS Model, and its application in practice would enrich further knowledge base regarding antecedents of ESRD and amount to a large number of successful prescriptions based on holistic homoeopathic principles