Behavioural Activation for Depression in Adults with Severe Learning Disabilities. a Feasibility Randomised Controlled Study of Behavioural Activation with Treatment As Usual (TAU) Vs TAU Alone
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Not yet recruiting
- Enrollment
- 50
- Primary Endpoint
- Intellectual Disabilities Depression Scale (IDDS)
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Research shows that people with severe learning disabilities get depressed at least as often as the wider population. Psychological therapies are recommended to treat depression, and some of these have been adapted for those people with learning disabilities who can talk about their problems. No research has properly tested a psychological therapy for people with severe learning disabilities and any mental health problem. The investigators recently completed a study that tested a psychological therapy (behavioural activation) for people with mild learning disabilities and depression. Behavioural activation improves people's mood by helping them to re-engage in activity that has meaning and purpose for them, rather than relying on talking or thinking skills. Because of this behavioural activation might be promising for people with severe learning disabilities and depression. Along with PAMIS, an organisation for families of people with more profound disabilities, the investigators have adapted the therapy for this group. The investigators now want to find out if it would be possible to carry out a research project about whether behavioural activation works for depressed adults with severe learning disabilities. This is called a feasibility study. The investigators would see if it is possible to recruit 50 adults with severe learning disabilities, and if they are willing to be randomly placed in a group who get behavioural activation or a group who get usual help from services. Other information about running a study would be collected, including about keeping in contact with participants and what measures are needed to find out if change is happening.
Detailed Description
People with severe and profound learning disabilities have significant lifelong impairment of general intelligence (IQ<40 with associated adaptive skill deficits). They have high support needs and limited or no verbal communication.
Prevalence of depression is increasing for people with learning disabilities (from 12.6% in 2016/17 to 14.5% in 2021/22 in England). The main treatment in use is medication, and antidepressant use is rising.
The 2016 NICE guideline on mental health problems in people with learning disabilities found the only available evidence on psychological interventions for depression was very low quality for specially adapted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and only for people with mild/moderate learning disabilities. Only three RCTs (total n=130) and three controlled before-and-after studies (total n=130) of CBT were identified for all mental health conditions. There was no evidence for people with severe learning disabilities, and CBT is not accessible to people with significant communication and cognitive limitations. The NICE included research recommendations for psychosocial intervention RCTs for people with severe learning disabilities and mental health problems.
Behavioural Activation (BA) uses behavioural principles to treat depression and is probably more accessible to people with severe learning disabilities than wholly talking therapies like CBT. The core aims of BA are: i) to reduce general avoidance of activity, commonly associated with depression, and ii) to increase engagement in valued and purposeful activity. In the general population, BA is at least as effective as antidepressant medications and superior or non-inferior to CBT, pill-placebo, and treatment as usual; and has effects as lasting as CBT following treatment termination.
The investigators aim to examine the feasibility of completing a two arm RCT of an adapted version of behavioural activation for people with severe to profound intellectual disabilities (BeatIt2), with participants randomised to BeatIt2 alongside treatment as usual (TAU) or to TAU alone.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking Description
The research assistants carrying out the assessments will be masked to intervention allocated and/or received. Masking will be maintained using a wide range of procedures, including separate offices for the therapists and research assistants carrying out assessments (where they are located in the same building), protocols for answering telephones, message taking and secretarial support, separate diaries, pigeonholes and data file security, and using passwords and encryption of randomisation information.
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Administratively defined severe/profound learning disabilities, confirmed by carer report using the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales 3rd edition. A severe/profound learning disability will be confirmed by an ABC composite score of 50 or below (Sparrow et al., 2016). Individuals with severe/profound learning disabilities can be characterised by high support needs, limited or no expressive or receptive verbal communication, and significant impairments across adaptive functioning skills.
- •18 years old and over
- •Clinically significant unipolar depression, meeting the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for use with Adults with Learning Disabilities
- •Has a family member or paid carer who has supported them for a minimum of 6 months to complete the screening and baseline visits OR is able to obtain information for the previous 4 months prior to randomisation. The carer, or another named individual, should be available for weekly-fortnightly treatment sessions with the practitioner, and should currently provide a minimum of 10 hours support per week to the participant.
Exclusion Criteria
- •Mild/moderate learning disabilities
- •A presentation judged by the research team as likely to interfere with the successful engagement with the intervention (e.g. severe agitation, late-stage dementia, uncontrolled epilepsy).
Arms & Interventions
BeatIt2 for depression alongside Treatment as usual (TAU)
BeatIt2 treatment manual and materials are developed and modelled for people with severe/profound learning disabilities. They are designed to be delivered to the person alongside a family or paid carer providing them with regular support, on an outreach basis. It is a structured, time limited, manualised psychological therapy, developed to treat those with learning disabilities and depressive symptoms.
There is an initial training session for carers regarding their role in the treatment, then 12 sessions with the person with a learning disability and their carer, held weekly or fortnightly, spanning approximately 6 months.
Activities are carried out with the individuals with learning disabilities at each session and elements of the intervention are delivered via carers. The three main phases are: i) assessment and socialisation into the intervention and establishing a relationship with the person with the disability, ii) working towards change, and iii) finishing therapy.
Intervention: Behavioural Activation for depression (BeatIt2) (Behavioral)
Treatment as usual
This will include the existing treatments available in NHS and social care for adults with learning disability with depression, including anti-depressants, mood stabilizers, and any available nursing and psychological supports/interventions. Additionally, for all those in the study, the investigators will provide their General Practitioner and specialist services with a summary of the NICE guidelines on treatment of depression for adults with learning disabilities.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Intellectual Disabilities Depression Scale (IDDS)
Time Frame: Baseline, 4, 6, 8, 12 months post-baseline
This is a 38-item behavioural checklist derived from DSM-III-R criteria, designed to measure the frequency of identified depressive behaviours within a four-week period. Minimum possible score is 0 and maximum possible score is 228. Higher scores indicate a higher frequency of depressive symptoms.
Secondary Outcomes
- Emotional Difficulties Self-Efficacy Scale(Baseline & 12 months post-baseline)
- Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale(Baseline & 12 months post-baseline)
- Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI)(Baseline, 4, 6, 8, 12 months post-baseline)
- Anxiety Depression and Mood Scale (ADAMS)(Baseline & 12 months post-baseline)
- Index of Community Involvement(Baseline & 12 months post-baseline)
- Medication Inventory(Baseline, 4, 6, 8, 12 months post-baseline)
- Index of Participation in Domestic Life(Baseline & 12 months post-baseline)
- The Behaviour Problems Inventory - Short form (BPI-S)(Baseline & 12 months post-baseline)
- EQ-5D-5L(Baseline & 12 months post-baseline)
- The Mood Interest and Pleasure Questionnaire(Baseline and 12-months post-baseline)