Effects of Black Pepper on the Absorption of Nutrients in Vegetables

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Absorption; Black Pepper; Carotenoid
• Interventions: Other: Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper; Other: Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper; Other: salad; Other: black pepper; Other: Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper; Other: salad dressing (canola oil); Other: salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper; Other: Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper

• Registration Number: NCT03490955
• Lead Sponsor: University of Massachusetts, Amherst

Brief Summary

The objective of this project is to determine the extent to which eating black pepper together with vegetables increase the absorption of carotenoids (a class of important nutrients) in the vegetables such as beta-carotene.

Detailed Description

Black pepper has multiple health-promoting effects, many of which are associated with the relatively high levels of piperine it contains. Piperine can enhance the oral bioavailability of nutraceuticals in foods due to its inhibitory activity on drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and p-glycoprotein in the gastrointestinal mucosa. This decreases the first-pass metabolism of nutraceuticals thus increasing their levels in the systemic circulation. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have validated the efficacy of piperine in boosting nutraceutical bioavailability. However, most of these studies utilized highly purified sources of both piperine and nutraceuticals, and therefore do not provide direct evidence on the ability of black pepper (used as a spice) to enhance the bioavailability of nutraceuticals in real foods.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2018-03-30
• Study First Submitted QC: 2018-03-30
• Study First Posted: 2018-04-06
• Study Start: 2018-09-06
• Primary Completion: 2019-06-15
• Study Completion: 2019-11-30
• Status Verified: 2020-03
• Last Update Submitted: 2021-04-27
• Last Update Posted: 2021-04-30

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 16

Inclusion Criteria

• 18-30 year old healthy adults

Exclusion Criteria

• those who are <18 or >30 years old, have a BMI of <20 or >29 kg/m2, have a weight change >4.5 kg (9.91 pounds) in the past 3 months, exceed exercise activities of a recreational level over the past 3 months, have any diseases, especially intestinal disorders including lipid malabsorption or lactose intolerance, had abnormal liver or kidney function tests.
• Those who smoke, consume more than two alcoholic drinks per day, use medication affecting lipid profiles or dietary supplements affecting plasma cholesterol (e.g., Benocol or fiber supplements) will also be excluded.
• Additionally, this study excludes menopausal women, those using hormone-based contraceptives, those with abnormal menstrual cycles, and those who are pregnant, lactating or planning to become pregnant.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper	Salad dressing (corn oil) and black pepper	Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (corn oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper	Salad dressing (sunflower oil) and black pepper	Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (sunflower oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Salad	salad	Subjects will consume a vegetable salad without dressing one time in the morning.
black pepper	black pepper	Subjects will consume a vegetable salad without dressing (canola oil) but with black pepper one time in the morning
Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper	Salad dressing (flaxseed oil) and black pepper	Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (flaxseed oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Salad dressing (canola oil)	salad dressing (canola oil)	Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (canola oil) one time in the morning
Salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper	salad dressing (canola oil) and black pepper	Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (canola oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning
Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper	Salad dressing (olive oil) and black pepper	Subjects will consume a vegetable salad with dressing (olive oil) and with black pepper one time in the morning

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Determine the level of carotenoids in blood	12-16 weeks	Utilize HPLC to quantify blood levels of carotenoids in subjects consumed test articles

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Institute for Applied Life Sciences; 🇺🇸 Amherst, Massachusetts, United States