The Effect of Glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonism on Diabetic Kidney Disease

Phase 3

Completed

Brief Summary: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating complication of diabetes, that in it's worst form, can lead to early cardiovascular death or kidney failure. A group of medicines used to treat diabetes, glucagon-like-peptide-1 analogues (GLP-1), may be able to protect people with diabetes from DKD by reducing inflammation in the kidney. This study aims to test this theory by studying the effect of GLP-1 on kidney function in people with diabetes.

To understand how GLP-1 can affect inflammation, the investigators will give a GLP-1 treatment (Liraglutide) to people with DKD and monitor the effect on inflammation and kidney function using blood and urine tests. The investigators will compare these results to patients with DKD who do not receive GLP-1 treatment.

If GLP-1 proves to be effective in reducing inflammation and improving kidney function, then it could be developed as a viable new treatment for people with DKD, and may significantly reduce the disease burden, or the risk of DKD, in people with diabetes. This would be a major advance in the treatment of DKD.

Detailed Description: A randomised controlled trial for patients with microalbuminuria and type 2 diabetes. Treatment is 0.6mg of liraglutide and is compared to standard care. Treatment duration is 6 months.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Type 2 diabetes with a HbA1c of 42-75mmol/mol (6-9%DCCT)
Male or female aged above 30 years
Have a negative pregnancy test at screening (women of child bearing potential only)
Body mass index (BMI) of 25kg/m2 or greater
On a renin-angiotensin system antagonist, at a stable dose, for at least 8 weeks before inclusion into the study
Established microalbuminuria
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30ml/min/1.73m2 or above by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula

Exclusion Criteria

Patients with any cognitive impediment that preclude the patient from giving free and informed consent
Patients on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors or thiazolidinedione treatment
Patients with stage 4-5 renal disease, defined as an eGFR of 30ml/min/1.73m2 or less
Patients who have used a GLP-1 agent in the last 6 months
Female patients of child bearing potential who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or unwilling to practice an acceptable barrier and/or hormonal method of contraception or abstinence during participation in the study
Previous pancreatitis
Hypersensitivity to GLP-1 analogues
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Any other contraindications, as per the SmPC for liraglutide
Patients with any other clinical condition or prior therapy that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the patient unsuitable for the study or unable to comply with the dosing requirements
Concurrent treatment with an investigational drug or participation in another clinical trial
Use of an investigational drug within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer, preceding the first dose of investigational medicinal product

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Liraglutide	Liraglutide	Liraglutide 0.6 mg daily

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
MCP-1:Creatinine Ratio in Urine	Up to 26 weeks	Spot urine sample for MCP-1 and creatinine

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Urine Albumin:Creatinine Ratio	Up to 26 weeks	Spot urine sample for albumin and creatinine
Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate	Up to 26 weeks	Albuminuria as Measured by 24 Hour Albumin Excretion Rate
sCD163 in Serum	Up to 26 weeks	Serum sample for sCD163
sCD163:Creatinine Ratio in Urine	Up to 26 weeks	Spot urine sample for MCP-1 and creatinine