The Effects of 2023 Earthquakes on Fear of Movement and Fear of Falling in Turkish Survivors: an Observational Cross-sectional Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 185
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Fear of movement
研究概览
简要总结
In February-March 2023, a series of major earthquakes occurred in 11 provinces of Turkey (Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa and Elazığ). The current study is planned as a observational cross-sectional study with the participation of the survivors who experienced the 2023 earthquakes and aftershocks in Turkey without any physical injury during or after the earthquake. It is planned for the participants to fill out the questionnaires by considering the time periods before and after the earthquake. While the primary outcome is fear of movement and fear of falling, the secondary outcome is level of physical activity and intensity of pain. Psychological resilience level was considered as a predictive factor.
The aim of the current study is to determine the effect of earthquake experience on the fear of movement and falling in earthquake victims and to investigate the factors related with them. Fear of movement, fear of falling, level of physical activity, intensity of pain and psychological resilience are evaluated with the Causes of Fear of Movement Scale, Modified Falls Efficacy Scale, Short Form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Numerical Pain Scale and Connor-Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale respectively.
详细描述
INTRODUCTION: Major earthquakes increase the risk of mental and emotional diseases such as anxiety disorders, sleep disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder as well as physical and biological complaints such as dizziness, vertigo and balance disorder.
An elaborate study conducted by Nomura et al., propounded the concept of Post-Earthquake Dizziness Syndrome (PEDS) for dizziness like features in earthquake victims. Their study also indicated that a previous history of vertigo was not related to the prevalence of PEDS. However, they noted that people prone to motion sickness were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of post-earthquake dizziness episodes.
In a previous review study conducted in 2021, the results showed that the prevalence of balance disorders increased significantly after the major earthquakes when compared to before the earthquakes. Exposure to major earthquakes and aftershocks has been shown to cause post-earthquake balance disorders by causing sensory conflicts mediated by vestibular dysfunction and/or psychological factors. In addition, that study stated that this increase in the prevalence of balance disorders may also be caused by psychological factors, which is consistent with previous studies in the literature.
The mechanisms of equilibrium dysfunction are likely to be explained by the sensory conflict theory/postural instability theory. The basic pathology of equilibrium dysfunction is attributed to disruption of interplay between vestibular, neurological, visual and proprioceptive functions of the human body. Psychological stress and maladaptive visual/somatosensory inputs caused by the earthquake may cause changes in the sense of movement, which is an important component of proprioception sense. Moreover, disruptions in the vestibular system may trigger the fear of falling, leading to decreases in physical activity capacity.
Although some previous studies have reported the presence of diziness or equilibrium disorders, in survivors after the earthquake, no study has investigated the fear of movement and fear of falling in these individuals.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Other
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 60 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •being physically uninjured survivors of the 2023 earthquake in Turkey between the ages of 18 and 60
排除标准
- •the presence of pre-existing cognitive and/or psychological illness
- •physical injury status after the earthquake
- •illiteracy
结局指标
主要结局
Fear of movement
时间窗: up to one month
The fear of movement will be assessed using the Turkish version of the Causes of Fear of Movement Scale. The questionnaire is divided into two parts, biological and psychological, to determine the reasons for the fear of movement. This structure enables the identification of individual causes of kinesiophobia and the determination of biological and psychological causes separately. The scale uses a 5-point Likert scoring system (1=I totally disagree, 5=I totally agree). A high score in the questionnaire indicates that the individual has more fear of movement.
Fear of falling
时间窗: up to one month
The Modified Falls Efficacy Scale with 14 items (10 indoor and 4 outdoor activities) will be used to assess fear of falling. It evaluates participants' confidence during different daily tasks and is a reliable and valid scale for estimating balance and mobility problems. The scale includes items scored between 0 (not confident) and 10 (completely confident) to assess participants' self-efficacy levels regarding falling. High score means that the sense of safety and competence against falling are high
次要结局
- Psychological Resilience Status(up to one month)
- Level of physical activity(up to one month)
- Intensity of pain(up to one month)
研究者
Nagihan Acet
Asst. Prof.
Atılım University