Effects of Strength Training on Upper-Limb Function in Post-Stroke Hemiparesis

Hypotheses: The specific hypotheses that we will test in this proposal all refer to persons with post-stroke hemiparesis in the subacute phase of recovery (completed all out-patient therapy programs, but still less than 6 months post-CVA).

1. a) Standard functional rehabilitation combined with strength training in the form of high-intensity resistance exercise results in greater gains in elbow and shoulder strength than standard functional rehabilitation alone.

b) This increased strength is not accompanied by increased hypertonia. c) This increased strength is not accompanied by significant muscular hypertrophy. 2. Standard functional rehabilitation combined with strength training results in greater improvements in motor function than functional rehabilitation alone. 3. Strength training results in improved control of elbow trajectory tracking movements and shoulder-elbow reaching movements.

Specific Objectives

1. To perform a controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial to test the effects of high-intensity resistance exercise at the shoulder and elbow. Two interventions will be compared: standard functional rehabilitation (SFR), and standard functional rehabilitation combined with high-intensity resistance exercise (strength training) (SFR+STR). We will study persons with post-stroke hemiparesis in the subacute phase of recovery, i.e. having completed all outpatient therapy programs, but still less than 6 months post-CVA. Outcome measures will include strength (maximal voluntary isovelocity joint torque), hypertonia (onset threshold of the stretch reflex, Modified Ashworth Scale), standard clinical assessment of activities of daily living (Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure), and upper extremity motor function (Fugl-Meyer exam, Functional Test of the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity).
2. To study the neuromuscular mechanisms associated with improvements in strength and motor control that result from these interventions. Strength changes will be investigated by measuring muscle hypertrophy, hyperreflexia, and passive stiffness. Changes in control of upper extremity movements will be investigated by measuring motor performance and muscle activation patterns in trajectory tracking and reaching tasks.