Levosimendan for Reducing Veno-arterial ECMO Weaning Failure During Refractory Cardiogenic Shock: a Retrospective Propensity Score Analysis

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is a temporary mechanical circulatory support that has been increasingly used over the last decade to restore and maintain adequate end-organ perfusion, with data suggesting improvement in outcome for patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Nevertheless, VA-ECMO weaning should be questioned every day during patient's support. Indeed, studies have shown that the incidence of severe complications related to ECMO is associated with longer circulatory support duration. Inotropes such as dobutamine are currently used to improve myocardial contractility during VA-ECMO support with the aim to enhance left ventricular ejection, aortic valve opening and to shorten ECMO duration. However, many data suggest an increase in mortality related to predisposition to myocardial ischemia and arrythmias. Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizing inotropic agent with systemic, coronary and pulmonary vasodilatory properties and specific cardioprotective effect without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption. The use of levosimendan in patients undergoing VA-ECMO may therefore be of interest both to reduce the duration of mechanical support and to minimize severe complication with few data suggesting a potential benefit of levosimendan for VA-ECMO weaning and survival in post-cardiotomy low cardiac output syndrome with improvement of endothelial function and hemodynamics. Investigators therefore sought to investigate whether the use of levosimendan improves weaning for patients undergoing VA-ECMO support for refractory cardiogenic shock hospitalized in the surgical intensive care unit (ICU).