Evaluating Effectiveness of Convalescent Plasma and Factors Influencing Therapeutic Outcome in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease with high rate of fatality caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). In Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, the disease was first detected in December 2019 and has since spread globally, resulting in the continuing 2019 and 2020 coronavirus pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proclaimed that on 30 January 2020, the outbreak will be a public health emergency of international concern and will be known as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. To date, no unique antiviral therapy or effective disease-containing vaccine exists. Therefore, it is an urgent need to look for an alternative strategy for COVID-19 treatment, especially among severe patients. For more than a century, convalescent plasma (CP) therapy, a classic adaptive immunotherapy, has been used to prevent and treat many infectious diseases. CP therapy has been successfully used in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic with adequate effectiveness and protection over the past two decades. For patients with serious or life-threatening COVID-19, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved the emerging use of convalescent plasma. While the use of convalescent plasma looks promising, there is still little evidence supporting its use in the treatment of COVID-19 and its use is therefore still investigational.

Also, there is lack of standardization and evidence-based rationale in donor eligibility requirements account for factors such as age, sex, weight, symptom course, antibody titer and it is association with clinical outcome. Additionally, recipient related factors including age, sex, weight, disease severity, time of CP use and concomitant treatment must be considered in prediction the response to CP therapy and this may help to explain the varied therapeutic effects of CP seen in a variety of studies. Considering the above-mentioned facts and high number of patients treated with CP in AL Najaf-Hakeem hospital and Amal hospital we designed this study to evaluate the effectiveness of CP therapy in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and find patients and donor related factors to predicts the responders and not responders.