Effectiveness of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Kinesiotape, Orthosis, and Exercise

This was a prospective, single-center, two-arm randomized controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the additional effects of acupuncture when combined with a standardized conservative rehabilitation program in adults with lateral epicondylitis.

Eligible adults aged 18 to 65 years with a clinical diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis and symptoms lasting at least six weeks were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to two parallel treatment groups using a computer-generated randomization sequence. Allocation was concealed using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Outcome assessments were performed by a blinded assessor.

The intervention group received acupuncture in addition to kinesio taping, a custom low-temperature thermoplastic volar wrist orthosis, and a home-based exercise program. Acupuncture was administered twice weekly for three weeks, for a total of six sessions. The acupuncture protocol included local, regional, and distal points and was performed by a physician trained in acupuncture.

Both groups received kinesio taping once weekly for three weeks, a custom volar wrist orthosis positioned at approximately 15-20 degrees of wrist extension for six weeks, and a home exercise program emphasizing eccentric wrist extensor strengthening and progressive grip exercises. Exercise performance and adherence were reviewed during follow-up visits.

Assessments were performed at baseline, at the end of week 3, and at month 3. The primary outcome was pain intensity measured using a 0-10 Visual Analog Scale. Secondary outcomes included active wrist flexion and extension range of motion measured with a goniometer, pinch strength measured with a pinch gauge, and hand grip strength measured with a Jamar hydraulic dynamometer. Adverse events related to acupuncture, kinesio taping, orthosis use, and exercise were also monitored throughout the study.