Effect of High Tone Power Therapy on Bladder Disturbance in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and neuronal loss are all components of multiple sclerosis (MS), is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Myelinated axons in the CNS are the target of MS attacks, which can cause varying degrees of damage to both myelin and axons ). MS affects 2.3 million people worldwide. MS is often diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50 years, with females experiencing it more often than males. Among the most common MS symptoms are disorders of motor function and gait, spasticity, and sensory challenges including visual problems

. which are causes of disability that are possible to identify by observing from the outside. However, other frequent and disabling symptoms are invisible, including fatigue, cognitive deficits and decline, emotional distress, and pain. Dysfunction of the bladder and bowel are also hidden consequences of MS but rank among the most frequent and troublesome symptoms. it is estimated that 75-90 % of MS will experience bladder problems and up to 50 % of MS will experience bowel problems at some stage in their life. Bladder dysfunction is reported to cause major limitations in one's daily life, and contribute to decreased satisfaction with one's life situation and health Lesions above the pontine micturition center are usually associated with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO), characterized by involuntary detrusor contractions 3 (urgency, frequency, urge incontinence, and no or low post-void residual urine).

Urgency is the sudden desire and intense sensation of needing to pass urine; frequency is the need to urinate many times during the day or at night (nocturia) or both, but in normal or less-than-normal volumes; urge incontinence is an involuntary urine leak while having symptoms of urgency. High-tone power therapy (HTT) is a unique characteristic of electrotherapy. It uses intermediate frequency, metal-compatible alternating current whose frequency oscillates between approximately 4000 Hz and 33000 Hz and intensity is adjusted, unlike traditional electrotherapies such as TENS. Its main effects are introducing energy into the body to activate cells, producing an oscillation or vibration in the cells and tissues to promote metabolism, normalizing the cell metabolism and nerve regeneration.