Sodium-glucose Transport 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) in Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) Patients

• A 3 months, prospective interventional study, which will include 80 patients with established heart failure reduced ejection fraction on optimal standard medical therapy, who will be consecutively randomly allocated to the SGLT2i (10 mg once a day Empagliflozin or Dapagliflozin ) with 40 patients with diabetes mellitus group and 40 patients non-diabetes mellitus group. (Each group will be divided into 2 subgroups one on Empagliflozin and the other one on Dapagliflozin )
• Approval will be obtained from Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University

All patients will undergo :

• Provided written informed consent and entered a 10-day screening period, during which the trial inclusion and exclusion criteria were checked and baseline information gathered.
• Complete history with NYHA class assessment and clinical examination before and after the study
• 12-lead ECG before and after the study
• Complete Echocardiography study before and after the study
• Baseline venous sampling for urea, creatinine, potassium ,CBC , fasting blood sugar and Hemoglobin A1C at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of the study
• Measurements of Neopterin by ELISA at the beginning of the of the study and after 3 months of the study

Outcomes :

• Clinical outcomes, all patients will be followed up for 3 months for:
• 1ry outcomes: A)Complete Echocardiography monitoring for improvements B) Level of Neopterin C)will be a composite of worsening heart failure requiring hospitalization and/ or death from cardiovascular causes.
• 2ry outcomes: A) will be the additional secondary outcomes were the total number of hospitalizations for heart failure B) functional capacity and quality of life by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) reflects key health status.