The Influence of Daily Intake of Whole Grain Barley or Oats on Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Healthy
• Interventions: Other: Daily ingestion of whole grain barley and oats

• Registration Number: NCT01293604
• Lead Sponsor: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Brief Summary

The objectives of this study are the following: 1) to determine the effect of daily consumption of whole grain barley for six week on risk factors of cardiovascular disease compared to a diet low in whole grains, and 2) to compare the effects of daily consumption of whole grain barley to those of whole grain oats for six weeks to determine if the response to these two grains is different.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2011-02-08
• Study First Submitted QC: 2011-02-09
• Study First Posted: 2011-02-10
• Study Start: 2011-05
• Primary Completion: 2011-08
• Study Completion: 2011-08
• Status Verified: 2011-10
• Last Update Submitted: 2011-10-13
• Last Update Posted: 2011-10-14

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 69

Inclusion Criteria

• Men and women between the ages of 25-70 years
• Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 19 and ≤ 38
• Willingness and ability to make scheduled appointments at clinical site as required by study protocol

Exclusion Criteria

• Do not regularly consume breakfast or dislike cereal for breakfast
• Known (self-reported) allergy or adverse reaction to grains (e.g., wheat, gluten, barley)
• Presence of kidney disease, liver disease, gout, untreated or unstable hypothyroidism, untreated or unstable hyperthyroidism, certain cancers, gastrointestinal disease, pancreatic disease, other metabolic diseases, or malabsorption syndromes
• Type 2 diabetes requiring the use of oral antidiabetic agents or insulin
• Fasting triglycerides > 300 mg/dL
• Fasting glucose > 126 mg/dL
• Use of cholesterol lowering medication
• Blood pressure > 180/100 or hypertension treated with calcium channel blockers, direct acting vasodilators, or beta blockers
• History of bariatric or certain other surgeries related to weight control
• History of major surgery within 3 months of enrollment
• Smokers or other tobacco users (during 6 months prior to the start of the study)
• Antibiotic use during the intervention or for 3 months prior to the intervention period
• History of eating disorders or other dietary patterns which are not consistent with the dietary intervention (e.g., vegetarians, very low fat diets, high protein diets)
• Volunteers who have lost 10% of body weight within the last 6 months
• Unable or unwilling to give informed consent or communicate with study staff
• Self-report of alcohol or substance abuse within the past 12 months and/or current acute treatment or rehabilitation program for these problems (long-term participation in Alcoholics Anonymous is not an exclusion)
• Other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Whole Grain Barley Diet	Daily ingestion of whole grain barley and oats	A controlled diet containing at least 4 daily servings of whole grain barley.
Low Whole Grain Diet	Daily ingestion of whole grain barley and oats	A control diet containing 0.7 daily servings of whole grain.
Whole Grain Oats Diet	Daily ingestion of whole grain barley and oats	A diet containing at least 4 servings of whole grain oats.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Meal Tolerance Assessment	7 hours	Subjects will provide a baseline blood sample at 15 minutes and 5 minutes prior to consuming a test meal. Subjects will then consume a high fat breakfast of foods such as eggs, buttered English muffins, and donuts. Blood samples will be collected 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 360, and 420 min following ingestion of the test meal. Measurements will be made for serum triglyceride area under the curve, serum cholesterol, insulin, glucose, and plasma apo B48.
Biomarkers of cardiovascular risk	After a 12 hour fast	Fibrinogen, factor VII, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, Lp(a), and lipoprotein size.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress	After 6 weeks of feeding	Nitrites and nitrates, malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxides, ox-LDL, resistance of LDL to Cu2+-induced oxidation, FRAP, glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, super oxide dismutase, PON-1, betaine, homocysteine, total thiols, urinary isoprostanes.
Biomarkers of glucoregulatory control	After 6 weeks of feeding	Glycated apolipoprotein B, hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine, insulin, glucose, leptin, adiponectin
Biomarkers of inflammation	After 6 weeks of controlled feeding	C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, TNFα, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-9), e-Selectin, ICAM, VCAM

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Microarray and targeted gene expression testing	After 6 weeks of controlled feeding	Blood samples will be used to test how the intervention affects gene expression. Global gene expression will be performed for a complete survey of the RNA response to the intervention. Targeted gene expression will be performed to confirm the findings of the global gene expression analysis.
Genotype testing	After 6 weeks of controlled feeding	Blood will be used to test for genetic traits that may influence nutrient metabolism and also traits reflecting the mechanisms that may be influenced by the intervention.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center; 🇺🇸 Beltsville, Maryland, United States