A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy In Treatment Induced Neuropathy Of Diabetes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 2 期
- 状态
- 终止
- 入组人数
- 13
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Change in Sensory Neuropathy as Measured by the Utah Early Neuropathy Score (UENS).
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this pilot study is to obtain preliminary data on the magnitude of the treatment effect of IVIG on the neuropathic pain and neuropathy severity associated with treatment induced neuropathy (TIND).
The investigators hypothesize that immune globulin, administered intravenously (IVIG), will reduce the pain associated with treatment induced neuropathy and reduce the neuropathy severity.
Treatment induced neuropathy in diabetes, is an iatrogenic complications of diabetes. The preliminary data will be used to power a larger treatment trial, and to aid the understanding of the mitigating factors in the treatment response.
详细描述
Treatment induced neuropathy of diabetes (TIND), also referred to as insulin neuritis, is thought to be a rare iatrogenic cause of neuropathy that occurs in the setting of rapid glycemic control in individuals with a history of prolonged hyperglycemia.
In a recent paper, the investigators reported that a systematic review of all patients seen in a tertiary diabetic neuropathy referral center resulted in the diagnosis of TIND in >10% of patients seen over a 5 year period of time. These individuals developed symptoms of neuropathy as a consequence of a sudden improvement in glycemic control. The neuropathy associated with TIND is a painful small fiber and autonomic neuropathy of acute onset, but is also associated with the simultaneous development of retinopathy and nephropathy.
TIND differs from the most prevalent generalized neuropathy of diabetes, the distal sensory-motor polyneuropathy, in several respects. The neuropathic pain has an acute onset, appearing within 8 weeks of glycemic change in contrast to the more insidious onset in the Diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSP). The pain in TIND is more severe, and poorly responsive to interventions including opioids, whereas most patients with DSP respond to non-opioid interventions. Although the distribution of the pain is length dependent in individuals with TIND, it is frequently far more extensive than in DSP and the associated allodynia and hyperalgesia are much more prevalent. Autonomic symptoms and signs are common, prominent and appear acutely, in contrast to the relatively lower prevalence, gradual onset and slow progression in DSP. Finally, both the pain and autonomic features may be reversible in some patients.
The pathogenic mechanisms whereby this change in glucose results in nerve damage and/or dysfunction are not known. Proposed mechanisms include endoneurial ischemia due to epineurial arterio-venous shunts, apoptosis due to glucose deprivation, microvascular neuronal damage due to recurrent hypoglycemia and ectopic firing of regenerating axon sprouts, but these possibilities are unproven. A potential role for inflammation as a cause of TIND is supported by studies showing an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines provoked by experimental hypoglycemia. This is reinforced by the association of hyperalgesia with prior exposure to hypoglycemia.
Other microvascular complications are commonly seen in patients with TIND. The simultaneous development of TIND, retinopathy and nephropathy in our cohort suggests a common systemic mechanism likely resulting in microvascular disease. Prior reports of 'early worsening retinopathy' associate a greater risk of retinopathy development with every percentage point decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin, a result that parallels the neuropathy development in TIND. Furthermore, a link between hypoglycemia, production in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and the development of retinopathy has been proposed.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 60 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Individuals with a diagnosis of diabetes and treatment induced neuropathy (defined by the onset of neuropathic pain and signs of small fiber or autonomic neuropathy within 8 weeks of a change in HbA1C exceeding 3 points over 3 months).
- •Nonsmoker.
- •Consumption of up to 4 alcoholic beverages per week.
- •No history of substance abuse or dependence with 1 year prior to screening.
- •Normal ECG.
- •Vital Signs within normal range (with the exception of a resting tachycardia which is expected in all subjects due to neuropathic pain; research subjects with a heart rate greater than 110 bpm, however, will be excluded).
- •CBC, standard chemistry panel within normal limits.
- •Standard coagulation studies (within BIDMC laboratory normal limits) including PT, PTT, platelets.
- •D-dimer <0.05 FEU.
排除标准
- •Female subjects of childbearing potential with a positive urine pregnancy test.
- •No other known cause of neuropathy (chemotherapy, toxins, other medical disorder - all subjects have diabetes so this would not be an exclusionary factor).
- •Anticoagulation with warfarin, aspirin & Plavix together or other anticoagulant that would place subjects at undue risk of bleeding from a skin biopsy. Aspirin or Plavix alone are not an exclusion criterion.
- •Clinically active coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease.
- •Cardiac insufficiency (NYHA Grade III-IV), cardiomyopathy, significant cardiac dysrhythmia requiring treatment, unstable advanced ischemic heart disease.
- •History of congenital or acquired coagulopathy or thromboembolic disease before the age of 55 or arterial thromboembolic disease before the age of
- •History of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) and/or Pulmonary Embolism (PE).
- •Evidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis at screening including limb swelling, pain or discoloration and or risk of thrombotic event as assessed by Wells criteria.
- •Known history of blood hyperviscosity.
- •Evidence of severe vascular disease (history of ulceration, poor wound healing, vascular claudication).
- •History of allergic reaction to local anesthesia for skin biopsies or history of scarring or keloid formation.
- •History of renal dysfunction that includes glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min, or creatinine of >2.0 mg/dL.
- •Known IGA deficiency with antibodies to IgA.
- •History of hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis or severe systemic response to immunoglobulin, blood or plasma derived products.
- •Positive Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) prior to administration or history of hemolytic anemia.
- •Subject who is unlikely to comply with the study protocol, or in the opinion of the investigator, would not be a suitable candidate for participation in the study.
- •Criteria for discontinuation:
- •Pregnancy: women of childbearing potential will have a urine pregnancy test at every visit. Subjects who become pregnant will be discontinued from the study.
- •A Grade 3 or higher allergic reaction within 24 hours of IVIG/Placebo infusion.
- •Any thromboembolic events (e.g. myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism)
- •Clinically significant hematologic complications (e.g. hemolysis and/or neutropenia).
- •Withdrawal by subject
研究组 & 干预措施
0.9% Sodium Chloride
The study will include a total 20 individuals. Subjects will be randomized equally to treatment or placebo. The placebo will consist of 0.9% Sodium Chloride per day over 5 days. Participants who are randomized to placebo will receive the same volume as they would if they were randomized to IVIG (i.e.: as if receiving IVIG at 2gm/kg) through a peripheral IV line.
干预措施: 0.9% Sodium Chloride (Drug)
IGIV-C
The study will include a total 20 individuals. Subjects will be randomized equally to treatment or placebo. The treatment will consist of IVIG administered at 2 grams/kg divided over 5 days, with a follow up treatment 3 weeks (+/-3 days) later of IVIG 1gram/kg administered over 2 day (or placebo).
干预措施: IGIV-C (Drug)
结局指标
主要结局
Change in Sensory Neuropathy as Measured by the Utah Early Neuropathy Score (UENS).
时间窗: 7 weeks after first infusion.
The Utah Early Neuropathy Scale (UENS) was developed specifically to detect and quantify early small-fiber sensory neuropathy and to recognize modest changes in sensory severity and distribution. The UENS scale ranges from 0 (no neuropathy) to 42 (severe small fiber neuropathy). The outcome measure is the UENS score from 7 weeks (final evaluation) minus the UENS score from the baseline visit. A positive value indicates that neuropathy worsened over the course of the trial (a worse outcome), a negative score indicates that neuropathy improved over the course of the trial (a better outcome).
Change in Neuropathic Pain Severity as Measured by the Pain Visual Analogue Scores (VAS).
时间窗: 7 weeks after first infusion
The visual analog scale (VAS) of pain allows for quantification of neuropathic pain. The VAS pain scale is a line with markings that range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worse pain), with whole digit intervals (thus an 11 point scale). This outcome measure is the VAS pain score at the final visit (7 weeks after first infusion) minus the VAS pain score at the baseline visit. A positive result indicates that pain increased over the course of the study (a worse outcome), a negative result indicates that pain improved over the course of the trial (a better outcome).
次要结局
- Change in Neuropathy Severity as Measured by Skin Biopsies.(7 weeks after first infusion)
- Change in Autonomic Neuropathy as Measured by Standardized Autonomic Nervous System Testing.(7 weeks after first infusion)
研究者
Christopher Gibbons, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center