Efficacy of Exercise Snacks in Real-World Settings in Individuals Living With Type 2 Diabetes

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes

• Registration Number: NCT06407245
• Lead Sponsor: University of British Columbia

Brief Summary

To conduct a pilot randomized control trial to determine the feasibility of a 12-week, technology-enabled exercise snacks intervention in adults living with type 2 diabetes in a real-world setting. We will also assess preliminary efficacy based on measures of glycemic control and fitness.

Detailed Description

Participants will be randomized into an Exercise Snacks or a Placebo Exercise group for 12 weeks. The former will involve bodyweight exercises performed with vigorous effort and the latter will involve low-intensity exercises. Following baseline testing, individualized interventions will be delivered at home or work via customized mobile application ("app") or web platform. Participants will be instructed to perform a minimum of 4 isolated bouts of prescribed exercises per day on at least 5 days per week. Each bout will be one minute in duration. The interventions will be individualized and consider exercise preferences and physical abilities (e.g., fitness, musculoskeletal issues), and be adaptable to multiple environments (e.g., home, work). To facilitate this, participants will have a pre-intervention meeting wherein any physical limitations will be documented, and a research assistant will discuss the prescribed intervention and determine when and where the participants will plan to perform their exercises. After 12 weeks, participants will be asked to return to the lab for follow-up testing.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2024-04-19
• Study Start: 2024-04-20
• Status Verified: 2024-05
• Study First Submitted QC: 2024-05-06
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-05-06
• Study First Posted: 2024-05-09
• Last Update Posted: 2024-05-09
• Primary Completion: 2025-07-19
• Study Completion: 2025-07-19

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 80

Inclusion Criteria

1. Aged 30-75 years.
2. Have physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
3. Physically inactive (performing <150 min moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week).
4. Body mass index: 18.5-40 kg/m2.
5. Taking ≤3 glucose-lowering medications (excluding insulin) and stable dose for > 6 months.
6. Taking ≤2 commonly prescribed cardiovascular medications (e.g., statins, antihypertensive).
7. HbA1c ≤8.5%.
8. Able to maintain current physical activity patterns during the study.
9. Cleared to engage in physical activity using the Get Active Questionnaire and, if applicable, consultation with a health care provider or Qualified Exercise Professional.
10. Access to a computer, tablet or smartphone for intervention delivery and tracking.
11. Ability to read and write in English.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Chronic musculoskeletal condition or recent (within 2 years) cardiovascular event preventing participation in exercise.
2. Lack of internet access.
3. Angina upon exertion assessed by the Rose Angina Questionnaire.
4. Prescribed beta-blockers that can compromise the validity of heart rate measurements. during the submaximal exercise test.
5. Have uncontrolled high blood pressure (hypertension; ≥ 160/90 mmHg) or an atypical blood pressure or pulse rate at rest or during exercise as determined by a physician.
6. Have a scheduled surgical procedure within the next 3-4 months that would prevent exercise participation.
7. Currently diagnosed with a cardiac or pulmonary disease (e.g., angina, arrythmia, exercise-induced bronchospasm) that would prevent exercise participation.
8. Have a psychiatric disorder that could prevent you from completing the study procedures or visits.
9. Have donated more than 0.5 L of blood within the last 4 weeks.
10. Currently following an extreme diet (e.g., very low carbohydrate/calorie, ketogenic) or taking dietary/nutritional supplements that impact glucose control (e.g., exogenous ketones).
11. Currently have diabetic ulcers, peripheral vascular disease, or diabetic neuropathy that will prevent participation in exercise.
12. Currently participating in another clinical trial that interferes with the study procedures.
13. Currently on dialysis.
14. Currently pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant during the intervention (i.e., within the next 4 months).
15. Have had an episode of severe hypoglycemia in the past 6 months (defined as having neurological symptoms consistent with neuroglycopenia and required assistance in treatment by a second party).

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Determine the number of eligible individuals who would be willing to take part in this trial	NA (recruitment period)	The number of patients who enrol.
Determine the number of individuals living with type 2 diabetes that are eligible to participate in the trial	NA (recruitment period)	The number of participants approached and reasons for not joining the study.
Determine the number and percentage of participants retained after the 12-week intervention	after the 12-week intervention	Number and percentage of patients who drop-out and reasons.
Determine the number of one-minute exercise bouts performed during the 12-week intervention	during the 12 weeks	Number of exercise bouts performed each week of the intervention.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in 24h glucose concentration	before (week 0; before the intervention) and week 11 of the intervention	Average of 24h glucose value measured with continuous glucose monitor at week 0 and week 11 of the intervention.
Change in blood pressure measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Seated systolic and diastolic blood pressure measured before and after the 12-week intervention.
Change in body composition measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Waist circumference, weight and body mass index assessed pre- and post- intervention.
Change in cardiorespiratory fitness measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Submaximal YMCA cycle ergometer test to estimate VO2 peak.
Change in blood lipid profile measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, Non-HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and Triglycerides.
Changes in diabetes distress measured before and after the intervention 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) questionnaire pre- and post-intervention
Change in fasting glucose measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Fasting glucose measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention.
Change in lower body muscular endurance measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	The 30-second sit-to-stand pre- and post-intervention.
Change in plasma inflammatory cytokines measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, CRP
Change in health-related quality of life measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Euro Quality of Life 5 Dimension 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire pre- and post-intervention
Change in glycated hemoglobin measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) at baseline and after 12 weeks.
Change in fasting insulin measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Fasting insulin measured at baseline and after the 12-week intervention
Change in upper body maximal strength measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Grip strength test using a hand dynamometer pre- and post-intervention
Change in complete blood count measured before and after the 12-week intervention	0-12 weeks	Red blood cells, white blood cells, haemoglobin, haematocrit, and platelet.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of British Columbia Okanagan; 🇨🇦 Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada