Effectiveness of a Lifestyle Intervention for Pregnant Women with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Early Pregnancy: EAGM Randomized Controlled Trial

Not Applicable

Not yet recruiting

• Conditions: Early Pregnancy; Fasting Plasma Glucose; Hemoglobin A1c Protein, Human; Lifestyle Intervention; Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

• Registration Number: NCT06767722
• Lead Sponsor: First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University

Brief Summary

This is a multicentre, parallel-group, open-label, pragmatic, randomised-control trial of early lifestyle intervention versus routine prenatal care by random allocation (1:1) in women with early abnormal glucose metabolism (EAGM) to compare the incidence of large-gestational age and preterm birth between two groups. We aim to assess the effectiveness of early lifestyle interventions and to provide evidence for the optimal standard management for Chinese women with EAGM.

Detailed Description

Women with early abnormal glucose metabolism (EAGM) , which is defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.1-6.9 mmol/L and/or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 5.7%-6.4% at before 14 weeks of gestation, will be recruited and randomized in a 1:1 ratio into the intervention or control group. The intervention will consist of a lifestyle intervention that comprises advice on diet, exercise, weight management and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) with feedback from healthcare professionals on results and insulin treatment if indicated. The educational session is delivered as an initial session following randomization followed by five follow-up sessions which will occur approximately every four months, either face-to-face during routine prenatal visits or via telephone consultation. Routine prenatal care will also be applied to the intervention group. Women in the control group will only receive routine prenatal care. Both groups will receive an OGTT test at 24-28 weeks of gestation unless insulin is needed before the OGTT test for suboptimally controlled blood glucose levels. Whether to continue the intervention depends on the OGTT results as women diagnosed with GDM or overt diabetes will continue intervention plus routine prenatal care until delivery while those will normal OGTT result will pause interventions and follow the routine prenatal care only until delivery. The primary outcome of our trial will be a composite of neonatal outcome including large-for-gestational age and preterm birth.

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2025-01
• Study Start: 2025-01-01
• Study First Submitted: 2025-01-05
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-01-05
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-01-05
• Study First Posted: 2025-01-10
• Last Update Posted: 2025-01-10
• Primary Completion: 2027-06-30
• Study Completion: 2027-06-30

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: NOT_YET_RECRUITING
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 3430

Inclusion Criteria

• Over 18 years of age.
• Able to provide informed consent.
• Confirmed viable pregnancy on a nuchal translucency scan done between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks.
• Singleton pregnancies.
• An abnormal glucose metabolism determined by a blood test performed before 14 weeks, defined as FPG 5.1-6.9mmol/L and/or HbA1c 5.7-6.4%.

Exclusion Criteria

• Pregestational diabetes (diagnosed as diabetes mellitus before pregnancy, or FPG≥7.0mmol/L, or HbA1c≥6.5% at the first prenatal visit), impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance diagnosed before pregnancy.
• Plan for termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly identified at the first trimester scan.
• Use of medications known to interfere with glucose metabolism (e.g. corticosteroids, antipsychotic drugs) at the time of randomisation.
• Any other physical (serious medical conditions such as cancer, organ failure, epilepsy, paraplegia, disability) or psychological condition (e.g. learning difficulties, serious mental illness) that is likely to interfere with the conduct of the trial according to evaluation by the trial monitoring group.
• Women currently with hyperemesis gravidarum leading to dehydration or requiring hospitalization. If persisting vomiting resolves, the patient may be reassessed for inclusion in the trial up to and including 14+6 weeks of gestation, providing all other inclusion and exclusion criteria are met.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Composite neonatal outcome of large-gestational age and preterm birth	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Gestational diabetes mellitus	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Gestational hypertension	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Preeclampsia	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Eclampsia	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Prescription of hypoglycaemic drug	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Preeclampsia requiring delivery before 37 weeks	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Total gestational weight gain	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Mode of birth	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Primary caesarean	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Large-for-gestational age	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Preterm birth at <37 weeks of gestation	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Neonatal birthweight	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Small-for-gestational-age	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Gestational age at birth, weeks and days	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Neonatal hypoglycaemia	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Admission to neonatal wards or intensive care unit	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Fetal loss <24 weeks of gestation	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Fetal loss ≥24 weeks of gestation	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Termination of pregnancy	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Neonatal death	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Apgar score at 1min after birth	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.
Apgar score at 5min after birth	outcomes will be collected up to primary hospital discharge, or 28 days after the estimated date of delivery, whichever is sooner.