Maintaining Optimal HVNI Delivery Using Automatic Titration of Oxygen in Preterm Infants

Not Applicable

Terminated

Conditions: Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Oxygen Saturation
Infant, Premature
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Interventions: Device: Automated Control
Device: Manual Control

Registration Number: NCT05030012

Lead Sponsor: Vapotherm, Inc.

Brief Summary: Oxygen treatment is common in management of preterm babies requiring intensive care. Delivery of too much or too little oxygen increase the risk of damage to eyes and lungs, and contributes to death and disability. Oxygen control in preterm infants requires frequent adjustments in the amount of oxygen delivered to the baby. This is generally performed manually by a clinician attending the baby, and generally directed to maintaining a specific range of blood oxygen saturation. The manual control often results in only half of the time in the specified range, with the baby experiencing high and low blood oxygen saturations.

The technology being studied is designed to assist the clinician in maintaining blood oxygen saturation within target range by measuring oxygen saturation and automatically adjusting the amount of oxygen delivered for babies receiving high velocity nasal insufflation (an advanced form of high flow oxygen therapy). The proposed study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of the automatic control of oxygen by the new technology, as compared to manual control, among babies receiving high velocity therapy in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Detailed Description: Detailed Description: Supplemental oxygen is commonly administered to babies in neonatal intensive care units. The goal of oxygen therapy is to maintain normal oxygenation while minimizing hypoxemia and hypoxemia. Preterm infants are particularly vulnerable to oxygen toxicity and oxidative stress leading to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). It's also well known that preterm infants experience hypoxic events exposing the baby to low oxygen levels. These hypoxic events vary as the infant matures, but exposure to prolonged and frequent episodes of hypoxemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The delivery of oxygen is generally controlled by a clinician, and the control decisions are generally made using a non-invasive measure of blood oxygen saturation called pulse oximetry (SpO2) and is a standard of care in the neonatal intensive care unit. The most frequent item adjusted by clinicians to maintain SpO2 within specific target ranges is the fraction of the inspired oxygen (FiO2).

In a recent study by Reynolds, et al., caregiver manual control of oxygen delivered to NICU babies receiving high velocity therapy resulted in only 49% of the total 24-hour study period with the babies within the target SpO2 range (90-95%). by the caregiver based on the monitored oxygen saturation. Similar to the Reynolds findings, Hagadorn et al., conducted a study in 14 centers and showed that preterm infants under 28 weeks' gestation receiving oxygen spent on average only 48% of the time with SpO2 within the prescribed target range, about 36% of the time above and 16% of the time with SpO2 below the target range.

Preterm infants have frequent fluctuations in SpO2 due to their cardio-respiratory instability requiring frequent adjustments of FiO2 . Consequently, these particularly vulnerable infants spend significant time with SpO2 outside the optimal target range and are often exposed to extremes of hypoxemia and hyperoxaemia. The automatic oxygen control system continuously monitors the oxygen saturation and adjusts the oxygen delivery to maintain oxygen saturation within the target range. The efficacy of this mode of oxygen control was demonstrated by Reynolds, et al. in 2018 from two centers in the United Kingdom. Automated control of FiO2 can significantly improve compliance of oxygen saturation targeting and may significantly reduces exposure to hypoxemia as well as hyperoxaemia. The high velocity nasal insufflation therapy is a common mode of non-invasive respiratory support in preterm infants.

Unlike prior studies, this study will include a set of hypothesis-driven safety endpoints (proportion of time above or below target range), stratification by body mass at enrolment, and skin pigmentation phenotype. The objective of this randomized control trial is to evaluate the efficacy of the controller (Vapotherm Oxygen Assist Module \[OAM\]) in maintaining the SpO2 within target range for premature infants receiving high velocity therapy and presenting with a labile FiO2 requirement.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: TERMINATED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 15

Inclusion Criteria

Infants delivered at a gestational age of less than or equal to 35 6/7 weeks (Preterm) being treated with high velocity nasal insufflation therapy for the management of respiratory distress syndrome
Patients that clinically require SpO2 maintenance within the target range of 90-95%
A need for supplemental oxygen as demonstrated by a required FiO2 > 0.25 at enrollment
Requiring a flow rate of greater than 2 L•min-1 such that the assumed inspired oxygen fraction matched delivered oxygen fraction (definition of HVNI).
A minimum of 6 manual FiO2 adjustments in the 24hr period prior to trial enrollment.
Willing/Able to complete informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

Current patient weight of <1000g or >3500g at time of study
Major congenital abnormalities
Hemodynamic instability, defined as being outside of a normotensive range based on an infant's individual characteristics by clinician
Persistent unresolved apnea defined as: requiring 6 stimulations or more per 6 hours
Seizures
Ongoing sepsis
Meningitis
Clinician's concern regarding stability of the infant

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Automated Control (OAM)	Automated Control	In this arm, FiO2 levels delivered via high-velocity nasal insufflation therapy (Vapotherm Precision Flow) will be adjusted by the Oxygen Assist Module (OAM) to keep the infants pulse oxygen saturation within a target range (90-95%). Clinical staff will have the ability to override FiO2 levels when required, and instructed to do so.
Manual Control (Manual)	Manual Control	In this arm, FiO2 levels delivered via high-velocity nasal insufflation therapy (Vapotherm Precision Flow) will be manually adjusted by clinical staff to keep infants' oxygen saturation between 90-95%.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Primary Safety Objective - Percentage of Time Outside of SpO2 Target Range	Through study completion, two consecutive 24-hour periods	Percentage of time spent outside target oxygen saturation range, measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2). A lower value indicates a better outcome.
Primary Performance Objective - Percentage of Time Within SpO2 Target Range	Through study completion, two consecutive 24-hour periods	Percentage of time spent within target oxygen saturation range, measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2). A higher value indicates a better outcome.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Performance Endpoint, Percentage of Time IN Range (SpO2 in 90-95% With FiO2 Special at .21) Across the Two Weight Groups.	Through study completion, two consecutive 24-hour periods	Percentage of time spent within target oxygen saturation range across two weight groups (1000g-2500g, 2501g-3500g), measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2). A higher value indicates a better outcome.
Secondary Performance Objective 2 - Percentage of Time Within SpO2 Target Range (Skin Pigmentation)	Through study completion, two consecutive 24-hour periods	Percentage of time spent within target oxygen saturation range across two skin pigmentation groups (light, dark), measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2). A higher value indicates a better outcome.

Trial Locations

Locations (3): University of Utah Hospital
🇺🇸
Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
Children's National Hospital & Research Institute
🇺🇸
Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Seattle Children's Hospital
🇺🇸
Seattle, Washington, United States