Investigation of the Effects of Different Obesity Levels on the Respiratory System: In Our Study, Besides the Effect of Obesity on the Respiratory System, Many Different Parameters Related to Health Will be Compared.

Obesity can be defined as' a disease that occurs as a result of the energy (calorie) taken with food being more than the energy consumed and the excess energy being stored as fat in the body, negatively affecting the quality and duration of life. A body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above in adults is classified as obese. BMI is calculated by dividing the weight (kg) by the square of the height (m2). According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, BMI between 25-29. 9 kg / m2 is overweight, 30-34. 9 kg / m2 is light, 35-39. 9 kg / m2 is medium, 40 kg / m2 and above is considered as severe obesity. As the increases in BMI are related to the number of comorbidities, weight loss also affects many risk factors. It has been shown that voluntary weight loss in obese individuals over short periods (weeks or months) reduces risk factors and improves disease symptoms associated with obesity, including heart disease, Type II Diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis. Obesity; It is an important risk factor and disease factor for asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) and pulmonary hypertension diseases. The overall effect of obesity on lung function is multifactorial and is related to the mechanical and inflammatory aspects of obesity. Obesity has important effects on respiratory function. These mechanical and biochemical effects are not easily measured by pulmonary function test and BMI measurement. Changes caused by mediators produced by adipose tissue likely cause changes in lung function, but this effect is not fully understood at the moment.As a result of the literature review the investigators conducted, it was observed that the studies conducted in order to make more understandable the physiological and mechanical effects of obesity on different systems in the body, especially the respiratory system, were limited and inadequate in terms of numerical and targeted purposes. It was observed that lower extremity muscle strength, fatigue, sleep quality parameters were not included, and their relations with respiratory system functions and measurements were not measured. The aim of our study is to make these effects more understandable and to compare them with different obesity classes and people with normal weight who are considered healthy. Individuals who volunteered to participate in the study, who met the inclusion criteria and volunteered to participate will be evaluated by dividing them into five different groups according to the BMI parameter, in accordance with the intervals determined by WHO, and the data obtained will be compared between the groups.

Outcome Measures:

• Measurement of Pulmonary Function Parameters: The respiratory function parameters of the participants will be measured with a respiratory function test using a spirometer. With these tests, the static and dynamic lung volumes and functional status of the person will be determined.
• Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Strength:

It consists of respiratory muscles, diaphragm, intercostal (internal and external), scalene, sternocleidomastoid, triangularis sterni, abdominal, shoulder and neck muscles. Respiratory muscle strength can be measured in many different ways. Among the pulmonary function tests, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures are the measurements that are frequently used to evaluate the strength of the respiratory muscles. -Measurement of Respiratory Muscle Strength:It consists of respiratory muscles, diaphragm, intercostal (internal and external), scalene, sternocleidomastoid, triangularis sterni, abdominal, shoulder and neck muscles. Respiratory muscle strength can be measured in many different ways. Among the pulmonary function tests, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures are the measurements that are frequently used to evaluate the strength of the respiratory muscles. These measurements are directly related to respiratory muscle strength and help to determine the rehabilitation and exercise program by providing information about the patient's condition.

-Anthropometric Measurements: Participants' waist circumference, hip circumference, neck circumference will be measured, and their ratios (waist / height ratio, waist / hip ratio) will be calculated. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (B / C) is the diagnostic methods commonly used to detect adiposity. Waist circumference and waist-hip ratio have been found to be useful measurements for measuring visceral fat accumulation. Measurement of neck circumference is used as an anthropometric marker to identify patients at risk for sleep apnea syndrome. At the same time, neck circumference is thought to be associated with other metabolic diseases. In addition to these measurements, the measurement called 'New BMI' used in the literature will also be made. In this measurement, BMI is calculated with the formula 1.3 × (kg / m2).