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Effects of the Use of Chewing Stick (Massularia acuminata) and Toothbrushing on Bad Breath

Not Applicable
Conditions
Oral Health
Registration Number
PACTR202309483223413
Lead Sponsor
International Association for Dental Research
Brief Summary

Not available

Detailed Description

Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
Other
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
86
Inclusion Criteria

Participants with mild to moderate gingivitis.
Participants aged 18 to 29 years old.

Exclusion Criteria

Presence of periodontitis and necrotizing oral lesions.
Presence of systemic diseases such as respiratory illnesses, kidney diseases and diabetes.
Pregnancy.
Use of antibiotics within six weeks of study participants recruitment.
Impaired manual dexterity.
Use of dental prostheses such as orthodontic appliances, dentures.
Tobacco smoking and use of e-cigarettes.
Less than 20 teeth in the upper and lower arch.

Study & Design

Study Type
Interventional
Study Design
Not specified
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod

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