Comparative Effects of Modified Otago and Frenkel's Exercises in Geriatric Population
- Conditions
- Geriatrics
- Interventions
- Other: Frenkel's exercisesOther: Modified Otago exercises
- Registration Number
- NCT06460337
- Lead Sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Brief Summary
The goal of this randomized clinical trial is to compare the effects of modified Otago and Frenkel's exercises on balance, motor function, fear of fall and quality of life in the geriatric population. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* How modified Otago and Frenkel's exercises affect balance, motor function, fear of fall and quality of life in the geriatric population?
* Is there any difference between the effects of these two exercises? Researchers will compare the effects of modified Otago and Frenkel's exercises to see which kind of exercise has superior effects on the mentioned outcomes.
Participants will be randomly divided into two groups who will perform their respective exercises for 45 minutes 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Outcomes will be evaluated at the baseline, 4th week and 8th week.
- Detailed Description
Several recent studies highlight the efficacy of various exercise interventions, including modified Otago and Frenkel's exercises, in improving balance, quality of life, and fear of falling among the elderly population. Many studies have demonstrated that Otago exercises show significant improvements in balance, fear of falling, and quality of life. In 2022, a study determined the impact of home-based Otago exercises on balance, quality of life, and fear of falling in the elderly. A meta-analysis conducted in 2021 evaluated the impact of the Otago Exercise Program. on both actual and perceived balance in older adults. In 2018, effects of Otago exercises were studies in comparison to Tai Chi. Similarly, in 2022, a study investigated the impact of Frenkel exercises combined with Cawthorne-Cooksey on functional balance and the risk of falling in the elderly. Moreover, in a study conducted in 2018, researchers evaluated the effects of Frenkel's exercise on improving balance in elderly patients, comparing it with aerobic exercise (walking). , in 2017, a study was carried out to analyze the effect of Frenkel's Exercises Vs. Swiss ball exercises on balance in patients with type II diabetic neuropathy. However, comparative research directly contrasting the effects of Otago and Frenkel's exercises on balance, motor function, and quality of life remains limited. Moreover, limited studies have explored the effects of Frenkel's exercises specifically on balance enhancement, emphasizing the need for further research in this area. Additionally, recent literature lacks detailed protocols for Otago exercises or modified Otago exercises, hindering the development of evidence-based recommendations tailored to the unique needs of older adults. This research underscores the importance of addressing this gap to optimize exercise strategies for promoting health and well-being in older adults.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- RECRUITING
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 44
- Community-dwelling adults of both genders who have experienced a fall at least once in the previous year
- Minimum Berg Balance score of >40
- Able to independently walk and perform everyday activities without any walking aid
- Unable to walk independently.
- Previous surgeries related to knee or hip joint replacement.
- Severe comorbidities such as stroke, unstable coronary artery disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy.
- Patients with mental illness such as schizophrenia, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease
- Uncorrected visual, auditory, or vestibular impairments
- Having limb defects or any physical disability that prevents performing the exercises
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Frenkel's Exercises Frenkel's exercises It consists of simple range of motion exercises performed in different positions, i.e., lying, sitting, stride-standing and standing. Exercises are performed slowly emphasizing coordination and precision. Modified Otago Exercises Modified Otago exercises It is a series of 17 strength and balance exercises in addition to 30 minutes walk outside the home at the usual pace three times a week.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL) 8th week The Older People's Quality of Life Questionnaire (OPQOL) is a self-report tool designed to assess the multidimensional aspects of well-being in older adults. Covering domains such as physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and overall life satisfaction, the OPQOL provides a comprehensive understanding of the quality of life for older individuals. It consists of 35 questions with answers on 5-point Likert scale. The total score can range from 35 to 175, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.
Mini-Best Test 8th week Mini-BESTest (Balance Evaluation Systems Test) is a brief yet comprehensive clinical assessment designed to evaluate balance, mobility, and fall risk in older adults. Consisting of 14 items, it covers a range of balance-related functions such as anticipatory and reactive postural adjustments, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait movements. Each item is scored from 0 to 2, with higher scores indicating better performance, and the maximum achievable score is 28 points
Falls Efficacy Scale- International 8th week The Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) is a 16-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess an individual's fear of falling during daily activities. Scores range from 16 to 64, with higher scores indicating greater fear of falling. Healthcare professionals commonly use the FES-I to identify individuals at risk of falling and to tailor interventions that improve confidence and reduce the fear of falling.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Wahla Family Hospital
🇵🇰Pindi Bhattian, Punjab, Pakistan