Etiopathogenesis, clinical profile, and outcomes of patients presenting with acute urinary retention in a rural tertiary care hospital: A Prospective study

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a common urological emergency characterized by sudden, painful inability to void urine, predominantly affecting elderly men. Benign prostatic hyperplasia remains the leading cause, though infectious, neurogenic, and stricture-related etiologies are more prevalent in rural and resource-limited settings. Delayed presentation and limited healthcare access in rural areas often result in higher complication rates and prolonged hospital stays. Prompt bladder decompression followed by treatment of the underlying cause is essential to prevent bladder and renal damage. This prospective study aims to evaluate the etiopathogenesis, clinical profile, management strategies, and short-term outcomes of AUR in a rural tertiary care hospital. The findings are expected to highlight region-specific risk factors and gaps in care. Ultimately, the study seeks to improve early detection, optimize management protocols, and enhance patient outcomes in rural populations.