To compare the immediate effects of Integrated Neuromuscular Inhibition Technique and Passive Stretching Technique in upper trapezius trigger points on pain and range of motion of neck in adults: a randomized clinical trial

Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal condition that affects about one third of adults and reduces their quality of life. A major cause is myofascial pain syndrome which is linked to trigger points. Trigger points are small painful nodules in muscle fibers that feel hard on touch and cause local or referred pain, often spreading to other areas. They are found mainly in muscles such as the upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and infraspinatus. Trigger points may be active, causing pain at rest and during palpation, or latent, which only cause pain or stiffness when pressure is applied. Common signs include tenderness, tightness, reduced motion, fatigue, and referred pain, often related to poor posture and muscle overuse.

Various treatments are used to relieve myofascial trigger points such as needling, integrated neuromuscular inhibition techniques, stretching, laser therapy, kinesio taping, and spray and stretch methods. The integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique is a manual therapy that combines ischemic compression, strain counter strain, and muscle energy techniques. It helps relieve trigger point pain by improving blood flow, reducing muscle tension, and promoting relaxation, leading to better pain relief, function, and range of motion. Stretching improves flexibility and range of motion by lengthening tight soft tissues. The main types are static, dynamic, and pre-contraction, with static stretching being most common. It involves holding a muscle under tension and can be done passively or actively. Active stretching, done independently, is preferred as it is safe, low cost, and easy to practice, while also helping improve movement and reduce stiffness.