Affective Social Buffering
- Conditions
- Social StressAdolescent Behavior
- Registration Number
- NCT04312945
- Lead Sponsor
- University of Minnesota
- Brief Summary
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the mechanisms through which parental buffering of stress physiology during affective stimulus presentation diminishes with pubertal development and whether this diminution of effectiveness extends to social buffering by peers (best friends), in comparison to a lack of social partners.
- Detailed Description
On visit one, the participant will complete questionnaires, including ones on pubertal development, screening for MRI safety, and quality of relations with parents and friends.
Within 2 weeks the participant will return to the University where they will undergo the following protocol. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of 3 conditions that differ by who is with them in the scanner room: Primary Parent, Close Friend, No Social Partner. (N=50 per condition, 25 male, 25 female).
Once at the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, participants and the individual who will be with the participant in the scanning room will undergo an MRI safety screening (the repeat of what was completed over the phone). Females will be shown to a changing room where the investigators will privately question them about any possibility of pregnancy. The participant will also have a chance to experience a simulated MRI in order to determine whether they will be comfortable in an actual MRI. Participants will be shown into the scanning control room and one more safety check will be performed before they enter the scanner room and the scanner. If they are in one of the social buffering conditions, the social buffering partner will also enter the scanning room and will sit to the side of the scanner.
The scanning bed will then be moved into the barrel of the MRI machine. The participant will be wearing head phones to protect his/her hearing and to receive instructions from the control room. The participant will then complete two emotionally evocative paradigms. The investigators will use a 3T Siemens Prisma scanner with a standard 32-channel phased array head coil.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 187
- sufficient vision to complete assent and study procedures
- sufficient hearing to complete assent and study procedures
- sufficient language skills to provide verbal and written assent
- Premature birth (less than 37 weeks)
- congenital and/or chromosomal disorders (e.g. cerebral palsy, FAS, mental retardation, Turner Syndrome, Down Syndrome, Fragile X)
- Autism Spectrum Disorders
- history of serious medical illness (e.g., cancer, organ transplant)
- youth taking systemic glucocorticoids
- youth taking beta-adrenergic medications
- diagnoses of psychiatric illness, seizure disorder or other neurological disorders
- contraindications for MRI (implanted medical device; presence of non-removal metal in or on the body, including piercings, orthodontic braces or certain permanent retainers)
- known pregnancy
- tattoos
- history of significant claustrophobia
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change Heart Rate Response 2 hours Heart rate will be derived from the pulse-oximeter signal collected during periods of stress (social evaluation) and non-stress (no evaluation) during the course of the assessment. The variable, heart rate response, is a numeric output (beats per minute) from validated software (BIOPAC). The outcome measure will be reported (in beats per minute) as the difference between heart rate response during the period of stress and period of non-stress.
Left amygdala: Task-related brain activity during Hariri Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the left amygdala between the emotional and non-emotional stimuli during the task.
Left amygdala: Task-related brain activity during IAPS GoNoGo Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the left amygdala between the negative affect and scrambled stimuli during the task.
Right amygdala: Task-related brain activity during Hariri Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the right amygdala between the emotional and non-emotional stimuli during the task.
Right amygdala: Task-related brain activity during IAPS GoNoGoTask 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the right amygdala between the negative affect and scrambled stimuli during the task.
Left insula: Task-related brain activity during Hariri Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the left insula between the emotional and non-emotional stimuli during the task.
Left insula: Task-related brain activity during IAPS GoNoGo Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the left insula between the negative affect and scrambled stimuli during the task.
Right insula: Task-related brain activity during Hariri Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the right insula between the emotional and non-emotional stimuli during the task.
Right insula: Task-related brain activity during IAPS GoNoGo Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the right insula between the negative affect and scrambled stimuli during the task.
Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC): Task-related brain activity during Hariri Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) between the emotional and non-emotional stimuli during the task.
Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC): Task-related brain activity during IAPS GoNoGo Task 2 hours The difference in fMRI signal intensity (unitless measure) in the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) between the negative affect and scrambled stimuli during the task.
Amygdala-vmPFC: Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) functional connectivity during Hariri Task 2 hours For each participant, signal intensity (unitless measure) will be measured using fMRI in the bilateral amygdala over a five-minute recording period. Signal intensity will also be measured using fMRI in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) over the same period of time. A bivariate correlation will be conducted for these two data sets to determine functional connectivity, which will be reported as the r value of the correlation. This outcome measure will be reported as the mean functional connectivity value (r, or correlation coefficient) for each task condition/group.
Amygdala-vmPFC: Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) functional connectivity during IAPS GoNoGo Task 2 hours For each participant, signal intensity (unitless measure) will be measured using fMRI in the bilateral amygdala over a five-minute recording period. Signal intensity will also be measured using fMRI in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) over the same period of time. A bivariate correlation will be conducted for these two data sets to determine functional connectivity, which will be reported as the r value of the correlation. This outcome measure will be reported as the mean functional connectivity value (r, or correlation coefficient) for each task condition/group.
Amygdala-dmPFC: Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) functional connectivity during Hariri Task 2 hours For each participant, signal intensity (unitless measure) will be measured using fMRI in the bilateral amygdala over a five-minute recording period. Signal intensity will also be measured using fMRI in the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) over the same period of time. A bivariate correlation will be conducted for these two data sets to determine functional connectivity, which will be reported as the r value of the correlation. This outcome measure will be reported as the mean functional connectivity value (r, or correlation coefficient) for each task condition/group.
Amygdala-dmPFC: Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) functional connectivity during IAPS GoNoGo Task 2 hours For each participant, signal intensity (unitless measure) will be measured using fMRI in the bilateral amygdala over a five-minute recording period. Signal intensity will also be measured using fMRI in the bilateral dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) over the same period of time. A bivariate correlation will be conducted for these two data sets to determine functional connectivity, which will be reported as the r value of the correlation. This outcome measure will be reported as the mean functional connectivity value (r, or correlation coefficient) for each task condition/group.
Change in EDA during Hariri Task 2 hours The difference in mean amplitude EDA response between the emotional and non-emotional stimuli during the task.
Change in EDA during IAPS GoNoGo Task 2 hours The difference in mean amplitude EDA response between the negative affect and scrambled stimuli during the task.
Change in Cortisol AUCi 2 hours 7 samples will be taken during the course of the assessment. Area under the curve from initial (baseline) will be calculated and used in the analyses.
EDA at Rest 2 hours Comparing arms on EDA response amplitude during rest.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Change in Self Report of Stress 2 hours The Self Report of Stress is an 8-item questionnaire assessing participant level of stress at various time points across the session. Items are rated on a 5 point Likert scale. Total score is the unweighted mean of item scores. Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater stress. The assessment will be administered at baseline (no stress) and during a period of stress. The outcome will be reported as the difference between the baseline period and experimental stress period.
Change in Accuracy during Hariri Task 2 hours Change in accuracy for stimulus matching between the emotional and non-emotional stimuli during the task.
Change in Accuracy during IAPS GoNoGo Task 2 hours Change in accuracy of go/no go (press for go trials and no-press for no go trials) between the negative affect and scrambled stimuli during the task.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
University of Minnesota
🇺🇸Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
University of Minnesota🇺🇸Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States