A One-stop Shop for the Same Day Diagnosis and Management of TB and HIV
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Enrollment
- 1,100
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Performance of two diagnostic schemes for the diagnosis of TB when compared to culture.
Study Overview
Brief Summary
TB is a major public health problem and the second most common cause of adult death due to infection in many low-income countries. Despite major efforts to de-centralise services, accessibility to diagnosis is still limited, with one third of the 9 million cases occurring each year being missed by national control programmes.
New TB diagnostics suitable for use at the point-of-care are emerging. Some of these are intended for screening purposes, as an initial step to identify individuals who may have TB and should undergo further tests for confirmation. These tests may have high sensitivity, but also give false-positive results (low specificity). Other tests aim to be the confirmatory tests for TB (high specificity), but these tests are often more expensive and complex and are only available in hospital laboratories. As these tests have different purposes, it is likely they would work better in combination in a step fashion to optimise their impact and to develop an efficient diagnostic process. Furthermore, as none of the tests is versatile enough to be used in all settings, test combinations will need to consider the health system context in which they would be used. Our aim is to develop and evaluate rapid and accurate diagnostic approaches for TB that facilitate the initiation of appropriate treatment on the same day of the initial consultation in Africa.
The objectives are to
- Evaluate new diagnostics for TB (including among HIV co-infected individuals) that are suitable at the point-of-care;
- Develop diagnostic algorithms that streamline and accelerate the diagnosis of TB, allowing patients to reach clinical management decisions within a single clinic visit;
- Determine the impact of using novel point-of-care diagnostic combinations on the proportion of patients correctly initiating TB treatment within 24-48 hours of first attendance; their potential cost effectiveness
The investigators conducted studies in 2016-2018 to accomplish the first two objectives and have identified diagnostic tests that are suitable for low and middle income countries.
This document therefore refers to objective 3, which aims to
- Assess the performance of two diagnostic schemes for the diagnosis of TB when compared to culture.
- Assess the yield of two diagnostic schemes for the diagnosis of TB when compared to Xpert and
- Assess the cost of the two diagnostic schemes compared to Xpert.
Detailed Description
The study will enrol patients in TB clinics based in 4 selected district hospitals (two in Nigeria and two in Ethiopia) and samples will be processed in a single reference laboratory. This diagnostic evaluation trial will comprise two experimental diagnostic schemes which will be compared against the standard of care:
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One experimental arm (scheme 1) will screen all patients for HIV using two rapid tests routinely used by the clinics and a rapid CRP. Selected patients will be further tested using ULTRA. Individuals with HIV will undergo an HIV VL using Xpert.
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A second experimental arm (scheme 2): will screen individuals for HIV and CRP (as in scheme 1) and selected patients will be tested using Molbio Truenat MTB. Individuals with HIV will undergo an HIV VL using Molbio Truenat HIV-VL and Truenat RIF.
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In addition, all patients will be tested using the standard of care consistent of confirmatory HIV and CRP tests, Xpert MTB/RIF and culture.
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Randomisation All patients will be randomised at a ratio of 1:1 into schemes 1 and 2. Random numbers will be generated in LSTM by a statistician independent to the study. The scheme allocations will be included in study envelopes assigned to individual study numbers. Equal number of participants will be included in Nigeria and Ethiopia.
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Proposed methods for protecting against source bias
As this is an open trial, the classification of patients will be based on objective quantitative results of laboratory tests. It is expected the test performances will vary according to HIV status. Participants will be classified according to their experimental test results
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel
- Primary Purpose
- Diagnostic
- Masking
- None
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 18 Years to — (Adult, Older Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- •Adult with presumptive TB
- •At least one of the following criteria: Cough > 2-week duration, weight loss, unexplained fever, night sweats or haemoptysis.
- •Willing to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria
- •Age unknown and likely being a minor (looks <18 years old)
- •Known pregnancy
- •Has received or is receiving anti-TB treatment
- •Already diagnosed with TB.
Arms & Interventions
CRP and Xpert ULTRA MTB/RIF
Scheme 1 will screen all patients for HIV using rapid tests routinely used by the clinics and a rapid CRP. Patients with CRP >10 will be further tested using Xpert ULTRA. Individuals with HIV will undergo an HIV VL using Xpert HIV-1 VL.
Intervention: CRP and Xpert ULTRA MTB/RIF (Diagnostic Test)
CRP and Xpert ULTRA MTB/RIF
Scheme 1 will screen all patients for HIV using rapid tests routinely used by the clinics and a rapid CRP. Patients with CRP >10 will be further tested using Xpert ULTRA. Individuals with HIV will undergo an HIV VL using Xpert HIV-1 VL.
Intervention: standard test Xpert (Diagnostic Test)
CRP and Xpert ULTRA MTB/RIF
Scheme 1 will screen all patients for HIV using rapid tests routinely used by the clinics and a rapid CRP. Patients with CRP >10 will be further tested using Xpert ULTRA. Individuals with HIV will undergo an HIV VL using Xpert HIV-1 VL.
Intervention: Culture as reference standard (Diagnostic Test)
CRP and Molbio Truenat MTB
Scheme 2 will screen individuals for HIV and CRP (as in scheme 1) and patients with CRP >10 will be tested using Molbio Truenat MTB. Individuals with HIV will undergo an HIV VL using Molbio Truenat HIV-VL and individuals with Truenat MTB-positive samples wil be tested with Truenat MTB RIF.
Intervention: CRP and Molbio Truenat MTB (Diagnostic Test)
CRP and Molbio Truenat MTB
Scheme 2 will screen individuals for HIV and CRP (as in scheme 1) and patients with CRP >10 will be tested using Molbio Truenat MTB. Individuals with HIV will undergo an HIV VL using Molbio Truenat HIV-VL and individuals with Truenat MTB-positive samples wil be tested with Truenat MTB RIF.
Intervention: standard test Xpert (Diagnostic Test)
CRP and Molbio Truenat MTB
Scheme 2 will screen individuals for HIV and CRP (as in scheme 1) and patients with CRP >10 will be tested using Molbio Truenat MTB. Individuals with HIV will undergo an HIV VL using Molbio Truenat HIV-VL and individuals with Truenat MTB-positive samples wil be tested with Truenat MTB RIF.
Intervention: Culture as reference standard (Diagnostic Test)
standard test Xpert
All patients receiving in scheme 1 and scheme 2 will be tested using the standard tests used in the study context. These are rapid HIV tests, Xpert MTB/RIF and culture.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Performance of two diagnostic schemes for the diagnosis of TB when compared to culture.
Time Frame: "up to two months", once culture results become available
Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of schemes 1 and 2 to identify patients with TB. Culture will used as the reference standard.
Secondary Outcomes
- Time required for diagnosis of the two diagnostic schemes compared to Xpert.(10 months)
- Cost required for diagnosis of the two diagnostic schemes compared to Xpert.(10 months)
- Agreement of two diagnostic schemes for the diagnosis of TB when compared to Xpert.("up to two months", once culture results become available)