The Effect of Alkalisation on the Absorption, Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity of Cocoa Flavanols
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- University of Reading
- Enrollment
- 10
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- In vivo circulatory effects relative to a non-alkalised high-flavanol cocoa.
Study Overview
Brief Summary
The primary propose of this study is to determine how processing, in particular alkalisation, alters the vascular effects of high-flavanols foods such as cocoa
Detailed Description
A randomised, triple blind, cross-over design human intervention studies will be conducted in 10 healthy human volunteers to test the impact of alkalisation on the absorption, metabolism and vascular reactivity of cocoa flavanols. Participants will be requested to consume a standardised high flavanol-rich cocoa, non-alkalised (1745 mg of flavanols), a low-flavanol cocoa, heavily alkalised (1.3 mg of flavanols) and a flavanol-rich cocoa, medium alkalisation (410 mg of flavanols). The three intervention diets are otherwise matched for macro- and micronutrient content. Vascular measurements will be performed by using Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD), Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) and Digital Volume Pulse (DVP). Blood and urine samples will be taken to measure the concentration of flavonoids from the cocoa drinks and markers of blood vessel function. A number of other biochemical and physiological measures will be recorded including blood glucose, lipoproteins, cytokine levels and blood pressure.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover
- Primary Purpose
- Basic Science
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 19 Years to 35 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- Male
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •signed consent form
- •age of 18-35 years inclusive
- •BMI between 18.5-30
Exclusion Criteria
- •Blood pressure > 150/90 mmHg
- •Haemoglobin (anaemia marker) < 125 g/l
- •Gamma GT (liver enzymes) > 80 IU/l
- •Cholesterol > 6.5 mmol/l
- •Had suffered a myocardial infarction or stroke in the previous 12 months
- •Suffers from any reproductive disorder
- •Suffers from any blood-clotting disorder
- •Suffers from any metabolic disorders (e.g. diabetes or any other endocrine or liver diseases)
- •Any dietary restrictions or on a weight reducing diet
- •Drinking more than 21 units per week
- •On any lipid-modifying medication
- •On any blood pressure lowering medication
- •On any medication affecting blood clotting
- •Planning on altering consumption of vitamin supplements/fish oil capsules during the course of the study
- •Regular or vigorous exercise (3 times/week, 20 minutes each session)
Arms & Interventions
Non alkalised High Flavanol
Non-alkalised high flavanol cocoa drink containing 1745 mg of total flavanols
Intervention: Processed High-flavanol (Dietary Supplement)
Alkalised high Flavanol
Alkalised high flavanol cocoa drink (medium alkalisation) containing 410 mg of total flavanols
Intervention: Processed High-flavanol (Dietary Supplement)
Alkalised Low Flavanol
Alkalised low flavanol cocoa drink (heavily alkalised) containing 1.26 mg of total flavanols
Intervention: Processed High-flavanol (Dietary Supplement)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
In vivo circulatory effects relative to a non-alkalised high-flavanol cocoa.
Time Frame: change in Flow Mediated Dilation response between baseline and 2h
Flow Mediated Dilation
Secondary Outcomes
No secondary outcomes reported