Safety Study of Adenovirus/PNP Coupled With Fludarabine Phosphate to Treat Solid Tumors

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Head and Neck Cancer

Interventions: Genetic: Ad/PNP and fludarabine monophosphate

Registration Number: NCT01310179

Lead Sponsor: PNP Therapeutics, Inc.

Brief Summary: This study will test whether it is possible to introduce new genetic material into a small portion of a tumor and have the product of the new gene not only kill those tumor cells that were infected initially, but also the surrounding tumor cells as well with limited or no harm to the patient. The desired effects of this approach are achieved by focusing potent chemotherapies directly within the tumor itself and, as a result, avoiding injury to the remainder of the body. In this study, we will use two components, the first of which is a virus, known as an adenovirus, that has been crippled (i.e., it cannot make more of itself) and loaded with a bacterial gene called E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Adenoviruses are considered to be relatively safe vehicles for gene delivery and are presently being used in numerous human trials and therapies worldwide, including a head and neck cancer therapy approved for use outside the United States. The loaded adenovirus will be used to deliver the PNP gene directly into a tumor in patients. This gene is not expected to have an effect itself. However, the gene produces PNP inside the tumor and this protein will activate the second component of the therapy, a drug called fludarabine phosphate, which is approved by the FDA for certain types of blood-cell cancers, but has not been shown to be effective against most solid tumors. The proposed therapy gives the patient several infusions of fludarabine following the injection of the virus carrying the PNP gene and, as the fludarabine enters the tumor, it will be converted by PNP into a second compound, fluoroadenine. Numerous studies in mice and rats have shown that fluoroadenine is a very potent anti-cancer agent and that it will kill the tumor cells where it is made as well as those in the immediately surrounding area.

Detailed Description: For this first study, we will inject the PNP-loaded adenovirus into the tumors of patients with cancers primarily in the throat and neck and then give them the drug. This study is designed with two goals in mind: 1) assessing the overall safety of this approach for the patient; and 2) observing the effects of this anti-cancer strategy on the tumor itself. This will be accomplished in two parts. First, we will introduce a modest, fixed amount of the gene-carrying adenovirus into the tumors of three separate groups of patients and then administer small, increasingly strong amounts of the fludarabine phosphate to each successive group over a three-day period. Even in the group that will receive the highest amount of fludarabine, the total amount given to any individual patient over those three days will be significantly less than the dose approved by the FDA for patients with non-solid tumors. Finally, a more concentrated amount of the adenovirus (approximately 10 times more viruses) will be given to a fourth group of patients who will also receive the highest dose of the drug that was shown to be well tolerated in the prior three groups (the highest dose at which no serious problems were observed).

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 12

Inclusion Criteria

Biopsy confirmed diagnosis of a solid tumor
Failed or exhausted all standard or approved treatment options that would provide substantive palliation
Have at least one measurable primary or metastatic tumor on imaging studies or physical exam whose potential reduction could provide relief of symptoms or benefit
Tumor is accessible for direct intratumoral injection

Exclusion Criteria

Diagnosis of leukemia
Have previously received any gene therapy products or oncolytic viral therapy
Receiving treatment with allopurinol
Received radiation treatment < 4 wks prior to first injection of Ad/PNP
Received chemotherapy < 4 wks prior to first injection of Ad/PNP
Have signs or symptoms of active infection
Receiving chronic systemic corticosteroids or any chronic immunosuppressive medications within 14 days prior to first injection of Ad/PNP. Subjects receiving short courses of corticosteroids are considered eligible.

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Ad/PNP and fludarabine monophosphate	Ad/PNP and fludarabine monophosphate	Ad/PNP will be injected three times into the tumor over 2 days followed by three daily intravenous infusions of F-araAMP (fludarabine monophosphate). Subjects in the first 3 cohorts will receive 3x10e11 VP for 3 injections and escalating dose levels of F-araAMP (15, 45, and 75 mg/m2 in each sequential cohort) daily for 3 days. The fourth cohort will receive 3x10e12 for 3 injections and 75 mg/m2 fludarabine daily for 3 days.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Participants With Side Effects After Ad/PNP-F-araAMP Treatment	Entry through Study Day 56	Number of participants who had the most frequently observed undesirable effects after exposure to study drug

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Treatment Outcome and Percent Change in Tumor Volume	Entry through Study Day 56	Measurement of tumor response to study drug, as measured by the percentage of change in tumor volume as measured by a physicial measurement using a ruler

Trial Locations

Locations (2): Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
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Nashville, Tennessee, United States
University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Birmingham, Alabama, United States