Pilot Study of a Raltegravir Based NRTI Sparing Regimen

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: HIV Infections
AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Interventions: Other: Standard treatment regimen
Drug: Raltegravir
Drug: Atazanavir

Registration Number: NCT00814879

Lead Sponsor: Yale University

Brief Summary: This pilot study will provide data on the safety and efficacy of the combination of Raltegravir (RAL) 400mg BID + Atazanavir (ATV) 300 mg BID in Antiretroviral (ARV)-experienced subjects that have a suppressed HIV viral load on a Ritonavir (RTV) boosted Protease Inhibitor (PI) based regimen who are then switched to a regimen of RAL 400mg BID +ATV 300mg BID.

Detailed Description: The purpose of this pilot study is to compare the virological efficacy, as measured by the proportion of patients with plasma HIV-RNA below the limit of detection (\<50 copies/mL), of two ARV regimens; patients are randomized to remain on regimens containing N(t)RTI(s) + PI/r or switch to Raltegravir + ATV but without N(t)RTI(s).

Study Arms:

1. N(t)RTI(s) based backbone + PI/r

2. Raltegravir (RAL) 400mg BID + atazanavir (ATV) 300 mg BID

Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment guidelines currently recommend ARV regimens containing a Nucleos(t)ide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors \[N(t)RTI(s)\] based backbone with a Non Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) or ritonavir boosted Protease Inhibitor (PI/r).(1) However, significant toxicity has been associated with N(t)RTI(s) and PI/r containing regimens. N(t)RTI(s) can cause lipoatrophy, lipid elevations, renal toxicity, neuropathy and lactic acidosis.(1) These toxicities have required clinicians and HIV-infected individuals to use alternative ARV regimens that do not use N(t)RTI(s). PIs are known to cause gastrointestinal side effects, dyslipidemia, and fat maldistribution (lipodystrophy).(1) The DHHS HIV treatment guidelines recommend that PIs should be given with a low dose of ritonavir (RTV). RTV is a PI that has an inhibitory effect on cytochrome P-450 3A4 isoenzyme which metabolizes most PIs. The addition of RTV serves as a pharmacokinetic "booster" by increasing PI drug concentrations.(1) However, RTV is known to increase PI side effects, elevate lipid levels and has significant drug-drug interactions with many medications given to HIV+ individuals.(1) These RTV drug interactions can complicate the medical care of an HIV-infected individual.

Raltegravir (RAL) is a recently FDA approved antiretroviral agent that inhibits HIV replication by blocking the integration of HIV proviral DNA into the host cell chromosomal DNA. RAL does not exhibit cross resistance to other ARV classes and thus has been initially used in HIV-infected individuals that are infected with drug resistant HIV strains. Recently published data on the use of RAL(2,3)in HIV-infected subjects with known ARV drug resistance or those without ARV drug resistance4 demonstrates that RAL is a potent agent, suppressing HIV viral loads in the majority of subjects and having excellent CD4 cell responses.(2-4) RAL is metabolized through glucuronidation by the uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) enzyme pathway.(5)ATV is a known inhibitor of this enzyme pathway. ATV will increase RAL levels,(5) however, the current DHHS HIV treatment guidelines do not recommend a change in the dose of RAL if given with ATV as persons receiving ATV and RAL have demonstrated good tolerability of the combination and low side effect profiles.(1-3,5)

The availability of RAL provides an opportunity to examine alternative ARV strategies that may be equally efficacious and less toxic than those currently recommended in HIV treatment guidelines. Such combinations might include RAL+ATV regimen without a concomitant N(t)RTI(s) based backbone and/or the inclusion of RTV. However, there is little data available to date regarding such a combination. HIV care providers have already begun to use the combination of RAL+ unboosted ATV as the patients they care for are intolerant of RTV or have had major side effects/toxicity with N(t)NRTIs. More investigation is required to determine if RAL+ATV is an efficacious and safe alternative to RTV boosted PI based ARV strategies. Before a RAL based strategy that does not include N(t)RTIs or RTV can be compared to other ARV class strategies for long-term efficacy outcomes, preliminary data on a RAL+ATV based regimen is needed. This pilot study will provide data on the safety and efficacy of the combination of RAL 400mg BID + ATV 300 mg BID in ARV-experienced subjects that have a suppressed HIV viral load on a RTV boosted PI based regimen who are then switched to a regimen of RAL 400mg BID +ATV 300mg BID.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 60

Inclusion Criteria

HIV-1 positive
On stable ARV-therapy for a minimum of 4 months with a HIV viral load of < 50 copies
Currently on a N(t)RTI(s) based backbone + PI/r
No prior history of PI drug resistance (by historical genotype or phenotype)
Aged > 18 years of age
Written informed consent
Women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must be using an adequate method of contraception to avoid pregnancy throughout the study and for up to 8 weeks after the last dose of investigational product, in such a manner that the risk of pregnancy is minimized.

Exclusion Criteria

Prior exposure to Raltegravir or Elvitegravir
A detectable HIV viral load >50 copies within the last 4 months
An ARV change within the last 4 months
History of PI drug resistance
Prior virologic failure on an ATV containing regimen
Prior history of intolerance to ATV
Pregnant or nursing mothers
Pre-existing grade 3 or above laboratory toxicity except for lipids:
Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) < 750 cells/mL.
Hemoglobin < 8.0 g/dL.
Platelet count < 50 000 cells/mL.
AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase > 5 x ULN.
Serum bilirubin > 5 x ULN.
calculated creatinine clearance of <50mL/min/1.73m2
Patients with chronic active hepatitis B infection defined by positive serum Hbs antigen
Use of any prohibited medications and/or the use of proton pump inhibitors in ATV plus RAL containing regimens)
Patients with current alcohol or illicit substance use that in judgment of investigator makes study adherence unlikely

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
a.	Standard treatment regimen	N(t)RTI(s) based backbone \& PI/r
b.	Raltegravir	Raltegravir (RAL) 400mg BID + atazanavir (ATV) 300 mg BID
b.	Atazanavir	Raltegravir (RAL) 400mg BID + atazanavir (ATV) 300 mg BID

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Patients Reaching Virologic Failure at Week 48.	48 Weeks	Virologic failure was defined by protocol as a plasma HIV RNA \>50 c/mL on 2 consecutive occasions \>7 days apart or \> 10 000 c/mL on one occasion (in the absence of an intercurrent infection or recent immunization).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Patients With < 400 Copies HIV RNA/mL at Week 48	48 weeks
CD4+ Cell Count	Week 48
Cholesterol	baseline, week 24, week 48	Total cholersterol (mg/dL)
Mean Change in Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) From Baseline	baseline and 48 weeks	mean change in total bilirubin from baseline

Trial Locations

Locations (5): Saint Raphael Healthcare System
🇺🇸
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Waterbury Hospital
🇺🇸
Waterbury, Connecticut, United States
VA CT Healthcare Systems
🇺🇸
West Haven, Connecticut, United States
Yale University School of Medicine
🇺🇸
New Haven, Connecticut, United States
Comprehensive Care Center, Inc (dba Community AIDS Network)
🇺🇸
Sarasota, Florida, United States